Putting snow chains on a tractor trailer is a crucial skill for professional drivers operating in winter conditions, significantly enhancing traction and safety. Mastering the proper technique, understanding chain types, and adhering to safety precautions are essential for a safe and efficient journey through snowy and icy roads.
Understanding the Importance of Chains and Regulations
Snow chains, also known as tire chains, are metal mesh devices designed to be fitted around the tires of a vehicle to provide increased traction on snow-covered or icy surfaces. For tractor trailers, their use can be the difference between safe transit and a dangerous accident.
“In over 30 years of hauling freight, I’ve seen firsthand how critical snow chains are,” says Hank Patterson, a veteran truck driver and winter driving instructor with the Professional Truck Drivers Association. “Not only do they dramatically improve your grip, but they can also prevent jackknifing and loss of control, especially on downhill grades.”
Regulations surrounding snow chain use vary significantly by region and even specific routes. It’s the driver’s responsibility to be aware of the applicable state and local regulations. Failure to comply can result in substantial fines and even being prohibited from continuing the journey. Regularly check with transportation authorities along your route for updates on chain requirements.
Essential Tools and Equipment
Before you even consider installing snow chains, ensure you have the necessary tools and equipment readily available:
- Heavy-duty snow chains: These should be the correct size and type for your tires. Carry a spare set in case of damage.
- Chain tighteners (Bungee cords or ratchets): These are vital for securing the chains properly.
- Gloves: Protecting your hands from the cold and potential abrasions is essential.
- A flashlight or headlamp: Visibility is often poor during snowstorms.
- A creeper or kneeling pad: Working on the ground can be uncomfortable, especially in the snow.
- A hammer or chain tool: To assist with tightening and adjusting chains.
- Wheel chocks: To prevent the truck from rolling.
- Reflective safety vest: Ensure you are visible to other drivers.
Step-by-Step Guide to Installing Snow Chains
This process requires careful attention to detail and prioritizing your safety. Remember to always check that your parking brake is engaged and wheel chocks are firmly in place before you begin.
Preparing the Chains
- Untangle the chains: Lay the chains out on the ground and carefully untangle them. Make sure there are no kinks or twists. This is far easier to do before you’re working in the cold.
- Identify the chain orientation: Most chains have a specific direction they should be installed. Look for markings or instructions indicating the correct side facing the tire. This will often be designated on the side of the chain that goes against the tire.
- Inspect for damage: Check for broken links, worn cross chains, or other damage. Replace any damaged chains immediately.
Installing the Chains on the Drive Axle
- Position the chains: Drape the chains over the tire, ensuring the correct orientation. The ends of the chain should meet on the top of the tire.
- Connect the inside fastener: Reach around the inside of the tire and connect the fastener (usually a hook and loop). This is often the most challenging part, especially with larger tires.
- Roll the vehicle forward slightly: Drive forward a short distance (approximately one tire revolution) to expose the rest of the tire.
- Connect the outside fastener: Connect the remaining fastener on the outside of the tire.
- Tighten the chains: Use chain tighteners (bungee cords or ratchets) to secure the chains tightly. Distribute the tighteners evenly around the tire to ensure uniform tension.
- Repeat on the other drive axle tires: Follow the same procedure for the remaining tires on the drive axle.
Final Checks and Adjustments
- Drive a short distance and re-check: After driving a short distance (about a quarter mile), stop and re-check the chains. They will likely need to be tightened as they settle into place.
- Ensure proper clearance: Make sure the chains are not rubbing against any brake lines, suspension components, or other parts of the vehicle.
- Maintain a safe speed: Even with chains, reduce your speed and drive cautiously.
Removal of Snow Chains
Removing chains is generally the reverse of the installation process.
- Stop in a safe location: Find a safe place to pull over, away from traffic.
- Loosen the chain tighteners: Release the tension on the bungee cords or ratchets.
- Disconnect the outside fastener: Unhook the fastener on the outside of the tire.
- Roll the vehicle forward slightly: Drive forward a short distance to expose the remaining portion of the chain.
- Disconnect the inside fastener: Unhook the fastener on the inside of the tire.
- Remove the chains: Carefully pull the chains away from the tire.
- Store the chains properly: Clean the chains and store them in a dry place to prevent rust.
Driving with Snow Chains: Best Practices
Even with chains installed, winter driving requires extra caution.
- Reduce Speed: Maintain a significantly slower speed than usual.
- Increase Following Distance: Leave ample space between your vehicle and the vehicle in front of you.
- Avoid Sudden Movements: Accelerate, brake, and steer smoothly to avoid losing traction.
- Monitor Chain Condition: Regularly check the chains for damage or looseness.
- Be Aware of Road Conditions: Pay close attention to changing road conditions and adjust your driving accordingly.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
H3 What types of snow chains are best for tractor trailers?
Different types of snow chains offer varying levels of traction and durability. Ladder chains are the most common and affordable option. Diamond pattern chains provide better all-around traction and smoother ride. Studded chains offer the best grip on ice but may be prohibited in some areas. Selecting the best option depends on your specific needs, budget, and the types of winter conditions you typically encounter.
H3 How often should I check the tightness of my snow chains?
Initially, you should check and retighten the chains after driving approximately a quarter mile. Subsequently, inspect them every 50-100 miles or whenever you notice a change in handling or unusual noises.
H3 Can I use snow chains on all tires of my tractor trailer?
While it’s most common to install chains on the drive axles, some circumstances might warrant chaining all tires. Consult with your company’s safety policies and local regulations. Always prioritize the driven axles first.
H3 What happens if a snow chain breaks while driving?
A broken snow chain can damage the vehicle and potentially cause an accident. If you suspect a chain has broken, pull over to a safe location immediately. Remove the damaged chain and, if possible, replace it with a spare. If you don’t have a spare or cannot safely continue, contact roadside assistance.
H3 Are there any alternatives to snow chains?
Alternatives include automatic traction devices (ATDs) and traction fluids. ATDs are permanently mounted to the vehicle and can be engaged from the cab. Traction fluids are sprayed onto the tires to improve grip. However, these alternatives may not be as effective as snow chains in severe conditions and may not be permitted in all areas where chains are required.
H3 How do I know if I need to put on snow chains?
Consult with your company’s safety protocols and local regulations. Generally, if road conditions are severely impacted by snow or ice, and signs indicate chain requirements are in effect, you should install chains. Don’t wait until you’re stuck.
H3 What is the maximum speed I can drive with snow chains?
The maximum recommended speed with snow chains is typically 30 mph (48 km/h). However, always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations and adjust your speed according to road conditions.
H3 How do I properly store snow chains when not in use?
Clean the chains with water to remove salt and debris. Dry them thoroughly to prevent rust. Store them in a dry, cool place in a durable container or bag.
H3 Can I use the same snow chains on different size tires?
No. Snow chains are designed to fit specific tire sizes. Using chains that are too small or too large can damage the tires, the chains themselves, and potentially the vehicle. Always ensure you are using the correct size chains for your tires.
H3 Are there any laws about where and when I have to use snow chains?
Yes, state and local laws govern chain usage. Always check current regulations along your route, as requirements can change rapidly based on weather conditions. Failure to comply can result in fines.
H3 How long do snow chains typically last?
The lifespan of snow chains depends on factors such as the quality of the chains, the type of terrain they are used on, and how well they are maintained. With proper care, a set of chains can last for several seasons. However, it’s always best to regularly inspect them for wear and tear.
H3 What should I do if I get stuck while trying to install snow chains?
If you become stuck while installing snow chains, remain calm and assess the situation. Attempt to rock the vehicle back and forth gently to create space for installing the chains. If that doesn’t work, use a shovel to clear snow from around the tires. If you are still unable to proceed, call for assistance. Prioritize safety by ensuring you are visible to other drivers and avoid working in hazardous conditions.