Ramp overs for enclosed trailers effectively bridge the gap between your trailer’s deck and the ground, facilitating the loading and unloading of vehicles with low ground clearance or those lacking the necessary ramp angle capability of the trailer itself. Building your own ramp overs not only saves money but also allows for a customized solution perfectly tailored to your specific needs and equipment.
Understanding the Need for Ramp Overs
Enclosed trailers are invaluable for transporting vehicles, equipment, and other valuable cargo, shielding them from the elements and ensuring security. However, the standard ramp angle can be a limiting factor, especially when dealing with sports cars, motorcycles, or equipment with low-hanging components. This is where ramp overs come into play, offering a gentler incline that allows for a smoother, safer transition.
Identifying Your Requirements
Before you even think about materials or tools, you must first assess your specific needs. What type of vehicle or equipment will you be loading? What is its ground clearance? What is the distance from the rear wheels to the back of the trailer (where the ramp will rest)? These answers will dictate the design, dimensions, and materials required for your custom ramp overs. Consider also the weight capacity necessary to safely handle your cargo.
Choosing the Right Materials
The two most common materials for ramp overs are wood and steel. Wood is generally easier to work with and more cost-effective, especially for lighter loads. However, steel offers superior strength and durability, making it ideal for heavier equipment and frequent use.
- Wood: Plywood (exterior grade) is a popular choice due to its strength and affordability. Pressure-treated lumber offers added protection against rot and decay.
- Steel: Steel tubing or angle iron is a strong and durable option. Welding is typically required for assembly.
Design Considerations
The design of your ramp overs will depend on your chosen materials and the specific requirements you identified earlier. Key factors include:
- Length: A longer ramp over will result in a gentler incline, making it easier to load and unload vehicles with low ground clearance.
- Width: The width should be sufficient to accommodate the tires of your vehicle or equipment.
- Height: The height should match the height of your trailer deck.
- Support: Adequate support is crucial to ensure the ramp overs can handle the weight of your cargo without buckling or collapsing.
Building Wooden Ramp Overs: A Step-by-Step Guide
This guide focuses on building a simple, yet effective set of wooden ramp overs. Always prioritize safety and wear appropriate protective gear.
Step 1: Gather Your Materials and Tools
- Exterior-grade plywood (thickness determined by weight requirements)
- Pressure-treated lumber (for framing and supports)
- Screws (exterior grade)
- Wood glue
- Measuring tape
- Saw (circular saw or hand saw)
- Drill
- Sander
- Safety glasses
- Work gloves
Step 2: Cut the Wood to Size
Based on your measurements and design, cut the plywood and lumber to the required dimensions. This will typically involve cutting the top and bottom surfaces of the ramp overs, as well as the framing pieces that will provide support. Precision is key to ensure a secure and stable structure.
Step 3: Assemble the Frame
Using wood glue and screws, assemble the frame for each ramp over. The frame should provide adequate support along the entire length of the ramp over. Ensure that the frame is square and level.
Step 4: Attach the Plywood Surfaces
Attach the plywood top and bottom surfaces to the frame using wood glue and screws. Ensure that the plywood is flush with the frame and that the screws are evenly spaced.
Step 5: Reinforce the Structure
Add additional supports to reinforce the structure, especially if you anticipate loading heavy equipment. These supports can be made from pressure-treated lumber and should be strategically placed to provide maximum support.
Step 6: Sand and Finish
Sand the ramp overs to remove any sharp edges or splinters. Apply a sealant or paint to protect the wood from the elements and prevent rot.
Step 7: Add Traction
To prevent slippage, add a traction surface to the ramp overs. This can be achieved by applying non-slip paint, adding cleats, or using a rubberized surface.
Building Steel Ramp Overs: A Step-by-Step Guide
Building steel ramp overs requires welding skills and specialized equipment. If you are not comfortable welding, it is best to hire a professional.
Step 1: Gather Your Materials and Tools
- Steel tubing or angle iron (thickness determined by weight requirements)
- Welding machine
- Welding helmet and gloves
- Angle grinder
- Measuring tape
- Cut-off saw or plasma cutter
- Safety glasses
- Work gloves
Step 2: Cut the Steel to Size
Based on your measurements and design, cut the steel tubing or angle iron to the required dimensions. Precision is key to ensure a strong and stable structure.
Step 3: Assemble the Frame
Weld the steel pieces together to form the frame for each ramp over. Ensure that the frame is square and level.
Step 4: Reinforce the Structure
Add additional supports to reinforce the structure, especially if you anticipate loading heavy equipment. Weld these supports in place.
Step 5: Grind and Finish
Grind down any rough welds to create a smooth surface. Apply a coat of primer and paint to protect the steel from rust.
Step 6: Add Traction
To prevent slippage, add a traction surface to the ramp overs. This can be achieved by welding expanded metal or adding cleats.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is the ideal angle for ramp overs?
The ideal angle depends on the ground clearance of the vehicle you’re loading. A general rule is to aim for an angle of no more than 10-15 degrees for vehicles with very low clearance. Test loading with a smaller, less critical piece of equipment initially.
2. How do I determine the correct length for my ramp overs?
Use the following formula: Length = (Trailer Deck Height / Tangent of Desired Angle). For example, if your deck height is 2 feet and you want a 10-degree angle, the length would be approximately 11.3 feet. (2 / tan(10)).
3. What is the best type of wood to use for wooden ramp overs?
Exterior-grade plywood (CDX or better) is a good option for the surface. Pressure-treated lumber is recommended for the frame and supports to resist rot and insect damage.
4. What gauge of steel should I use for steel ramp overs?
The gauge of steel depends on the weight capacity you require. Consult with a steel supplier to determine the appropriate gauge for your needs. Generally, 1/8″ or 3/16″ thick steel is sufficient for most applications.
5. How do I prevent my ramp overs from slipping on the ground?
Attach rubber feet or pads to the bottom of the ramp overs to provide traction. You can also use straps to secure the ramp overs to the trailer. Proper placement and securing mechanisms are vital for safety.
6. Can I use aluminum for ramp overs?
Yes, but aluminum is significantly more expensive than steel and wood. It also requires specialized welding techniques. However, it offers a lighter weight alternative if weight is a primary concern.
7. How much weight can wooden ramp overs support?
The weight capacity depends on the thickness of the plywood and the strength of the frame. Properly built wooden ramp overs can support several thousand pounds. Always err on the side of caution and overbuild rather than underbuild.
8. How much weight can steel ramp overs support?
Steel ramp overs can support significantly more weight than wooden ramp overs. A properly built steel ramp over can easily support several tons.
9. How do I store my ramp overs when not in use?
Store your ramp overs in a dry, secure location. Consider building a rack or shelf to keep them organized and protected. Many people opt to store them inside the trailer itself when not in use.
10. Should I paint or seal my ramp overs?
Yes, painting or sealing your ramp overs will protect them from the elements and extend their lifespan. Use exterior-grade paint or sealant for optimal protection.
11. What safety precautions should I take when using ramp overs?
Always ensure that the ramp overs are properly secured to the trailer and the ground before loading or unloading. Use caution and take your time. Have a spotter to guide you during the process.
12. Can I buy pre-made ramp overs instead of building them?
Yes, you can purchase pre-made ramp overs from various retailers. However, building your own allows for customization and can often be more cost-effective.