The song the German officers sing in the iconic film Casablanca is “Die Wacht am Rhein” (The Watch on the Rhine), a patriotic German song that served as an unofficial national anthem for much of the 19th and early 20th centuries, symbolizing German national pride and territorial integrity, particularly concerning the Rhineland region. This deliberate choice underscores the film’s themes of resistance, patriotism, and the clash of ideologies during World War II.
Setting the Stage: The Power of Music in Casablanca
Casablanca, more than just a romance, is a potent symbol of the ideological battle raging in the 1940s. Music plays a vital role in this struggle, acting as a powerful shorthand for national identity and political affiliation. The singing of “Die Wacht am Rhein” is not merely a background detail; it’s a deliberate act of assertion by the German characters, a statement of their presence and power in a morally ambiguous space. It’s a sonic challenge to the French patrons of Rick’s Café Américain, a challenge that ultimately provokes a defiant response.
The power lies in its historical weight. By choosing this song, the filmmakers instantly contextualize the German officers within a long tradition of German nationalism, invoking images of military might and territorial ambition. It’s a potent symbol, instantly recognizable and laden with historical meaning. This creates a palpable tension within the scene, escalating the conflict without resorting to direct violence. The song serves as a catalyst for the eventual outpouring of French patriotism embodied in the singing of “La Marseillaise.”
Understanding “Die Wacht am Rhein”
“Die Wacht am Rhein” isn’t just a catchy tune; it’s a song steeped in German history and national identity. Originally written in 1840, it gained widespread popularity after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871, becoming a powerful symbol of German unity and resolve.
Historical Context
The song’s title, “The Watch on the Rhine,” refers to the Rhine River, a strategically important waterway that has historically formed part of the border between France and Germany. Control of the Rhine has long been a source of contention between the two nations, and the song served as a reminder of Germany’s determination to defend its territory. The lyrics celebrate the beauty of the Rhine and the courage of the German people in protecting it from foreign invasion.
Lyrics and Meaning
The opening lines of the song, “Es braust ein Ruf wie Donnerhall, am Rhein” (“A call resounds like thunder, at the Rhine”), immediately establish a sense of urgency and national importance. The song continues to evoke images of strength, loyalty, and the willingness to defend the Fatherland. While its popularity waned after World War I and further after World War II due to its association with German nationalism and militarism, its inclusion in Casablanca is a stark reminder of its past significance.
The “La Marseillaise” Counterpoint
The German singing is explicitly countered by Victor Laszlo’s rallying of the patrons to sing “La Marseillaise,” the French national anthem. This scene is pivotal in the film, representing a powerful act of defiance against Nazi oppression.
Defiance and Resistance
The moment when the patrons of Rick’s Café Américain drown out “Die Wacht am Rhein” with “La Marseillaise” is a powerful symbol of resistance. It shows the unifying force of patriotism and the willingness of people to stand up against tyranny. This spontaneous display of solidarity not only boosts the morale of the characters but also resonates deeply with the audience, reinforcing the film’s themes of hope and resilience.
The Clash of Ideologies
The contrasting songs represent a direct clash of ideologies. “Die Wacht am Rhein” embodies German nationalism and expansionism, while “La Marseillaise” symbolizes French liberty and the fight for freedom. This musical duel encapsulates the larger conflict of World War II, highlighting the struggle between oppressive forces and those fighting for democracy.
FAQs: Unveiling the Nuances
Here are some frequently asked questions regarding the song “Die Wacht am Rhein” and its use in Casablanca:
FAQ 1: Why was “Die Wacht am Rhein” chosen specifically?
“Die Wacht am Rhein” was chosen for its immediate recognition as a German patriotic anthem. It carried significant weight with audiences of the time, instantly conveying a sense of German identity and power. Other German songs might have been used, but “Die Wacht am Rhein” possessed a level of cultural significance and recognition that maximized the scene’s impact.
FAQ 2: Is “Die Wacht am Rhein” still used in Germany today?
While not officially banned, “Die Wacht am Rhein” is rarely sung in Germany today. Its association with German nationalism and militarism makes it a sensitive and controversial choice. Other patriotic songs, considered less burdened by history, are now preferred.
FAQ 3: What are the English translations of the lyrics?
Numerous translations exist, but a common rendering of the first verse is: “A call resounds like thunder’s roar, At the Rhine! At the Rhine! Who will be the river’s shield? Dear fatherland, rest secure, The Rhine remains German guard!”
FAQ 4: How did audiences at the time react to the song?
Audiences in 1942 would have immediately recognized “Die Wacht am Rhein” and understood its significance as a symbol of German nationalism and military might. The song would have evoked feelings of fear, anger, and resistance in those sympathetic to the Allied cause.
FAQ 5: Was there any controversy surrounding the use of the song in the film?
There is no documented widespread controversy specifically around the use of “Die Wacht am Rhein” itself in Casablanca. The film was widely praised for its patriotic themes and its portrayal of resistance against Nazi oppression. Any minor criticisms would have been overshadowed by the overall positive reception.
FAQ 6: What other songs are featured prominently in Casablanca?
Besides “Die Wacht am Rhein” and “La Marseillaise,” other notable songs include “As Time Goes By,” which serves as a central motif, and “It Had to Be You.” These songs contribute to the film’s emotional depth and romantic atmosphere.
FAQ 7: How does the singing of “La Marseillaise” impact the German officers?
The singing of “La Marseillaise” visibly angers and frustrates the German officers. It undermines their sense of authority and demonstrates the resilience of the French spirit. The scene is a symbolic victory for the Allies and a clear rejection of Nazi ideology.
FAQ 8: Did the actors know the lyrics of “Die Wacht am Rhein” and “La Marseillaise”?
While the actors likely had some familiarity with the songs, it’s highly probable that they were coached by musical directors to ensure proper pronunciation and delivery. The focus was on conveying the emotional weight and historical significance of the songs.
FAQ 9: What is the significance of the Rhine River in German history?
The Rhine River has been a historically significant waterway, serving as both a border and a trade route. It has been the subject of numerous territorial disputes between France and Germany, making it a powerful symbol of national identity and territorial integrity.
FAQ 10: How does music contribute to the overall themes of Casablanca?
Music in Casablanca serves as a powerful tool for conveying themes of patriotism, resistance, love, loss, and sacrifice. It adds emotional depth to the narrative and enhances the film’s overall impact on the audience.
FAQ 11: What is the lasting legacy of the “La Marseillaise” scene in Casablanca?
The “La Marseillaise” scene remains one of the most iconic and emotionally resonant moments in cinematic history. It symbolizes the power of resistance, the importance of standing up for one’s beliefs, and the enduring spirit of freedom.
FAQ 12: Were there other patriotic songs considered for the scene?
While other songs might have been considered during the filmmaking process, “Die Wacht am Rhein” was ultimately chosen for its immediate recognition and its potent association with German nationalism. Its inclusion ensured that the scene would have maximum impact on the audience.
Conclusion: A Symphony of Resistance
The inclusion of “Die Wacht am Rhein” in Casablanca, and its subsequent silencing by “La Marseillaise,” is a masterstroke of cinematic storytelling. It underscores the film’s themes of ideological conflict, patriotism, and the enduring fight for freedom against tyranny. The scene serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of music in shaping national identity and inspiring acts of resistance in the face of oppression. It is a moment that continues to resonate with audiences today, solidifying Casablanca‘s place as a timeless classic.