Determining the right size generator for your travel trailer boils down to understanding your power needs and matching them to a generator’s wattage output. Generally, a generator with a 3000-watt continuous rating is a safe bet for most travel trailers, allowing you to run essential appliances like air conditioners, refrigerators, and lights simultaneously.
Understanding Your Travel Trailer’s Power Demands
Before diving into generator sizes, you need a clear picture of what appliances you plan to run and their individual power requirements. This involves a bit of electrical detective work, but the payoff is avoiding a frustrating and potentially damaging situation.
Identifying Essential Appliances
Consider these typical travel trailer appliances:
- Air Conditioner: This is often the biggest power hog. Knowing the BTU rating of your AC unit is crucial. A 13,500 BTU AC usually requires around 1700-2200 watts to start and 1300-1500 watts to run continuously.
- Refrigerator: While modern RV refrigerators are efficient, they still require power, typically around 200-300 watts while running.
- Microwave: Another high-draw appliance, requiring approximately 600-1200 watts depending on its size and power level.
- Water Heater: Electric water heaters draw a significant amount of power, often around 1200-1500 watts.
- Lights: LED lights are incredibly efficient. A few LED lights may only require a few watts total.
- Other Small Appliances: Consider televisions, coffee makers, hair dryers, and electronic device chargers. Note their individual wattage requirements.
Calculating Total Wattage
Now, the important part: calculating your total wattage requirements.
- Starting Watts vs. Running Watts: Some appliances, like air conditioners and refrigerators, require a surge of power (starting watts) to kick on before settling into their running wattage. This starting wattage is typically higher.
- Create a List: Make a list of all appliances you might use simultaneously. Include both starting and running watts for each.
- Determine Peak Demand: Identify the combination of appliances that will demand the most power at any given time. This will likely involve your air conditioner starting up.
- Add a Safety Margin: Add a safety margin of at least 20% to your calculated peak demand. This buffer prevents overloading the generator and extends its lifespan.
Example:
Let’s say you want to run a 13,500 BTU AC (2200 starting watts, 1500 running watts), a refrigerator (300 running watts), and some lights (50 running watts) simultaneously.
- Total Starting Watts: 2200 (AC) + 300 (Refrigerator) + 50 (Lights) = 2550 watts
- Total Running Watts: 1500 (AC) + 300 (Refrigerator) + 50 (Lights) = 1850 watts
In this scenario, you need a generator that can handle at least 2550 starting watts and 1850 running watts. Adding a 20% safety margin to the running wattage (1850 * 0.20 = 370) means you need a generator with a continuous rating of at least 2220 watts (1850 + 370). A 3000-watt generator would be a comfortable choice in this case.
Choosing the Right Generator Size
Several factors besides wattage influence your generator selection.
Types of Generators
- Inverter Generators: These produce cleaner, more stable power, making them ideal for sensitive electronics. They’re also typically quieter and more fuel-efficient. However, they tend to be more expensive.
- Conventional Generators: These are generally less expensive but produce noisier and less stable power. They may not be suitable for sensitive electronic devices without a surge protector.
Considerations Beyond Wattage
- Noise Level: Look for generators with low noise ratings, especially if you plan on camping in campgrounds with noise restrictions. Measured in decibels (dB), lower numbers mean quieter operation.
- Fuel Type and Capacity: Generators run on gasoline, propane, or diesel. Consider fuel availability and storage. Larger fuel tanks mean longer run times between refills.
- Portability: Consider the generator’s weight and size. Some generators are equipped with wheels for easier transport.
- Safety Features: Look for generators with low-oil shutdown, overload protection, and carbon monoxide detection.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Can I run my RV air conditioner with a 2000-watt generator?
It depends on the AC unit’s BTU rating and the generator’s surge capacity. Some smaller AC units (around 9,000 BTU) might run on a 2000-watt generator, especially with a soft start capacitor installed on the AC unit. However, you likely won’t be able to run other appliances simultaneously. A 3000-watt generator is generally recommended for reliable AC operation.
2. What is a soft start capacitor and how does it help?
A soft start capacitor reduces the inrush current (starting watts) required by your air conditioner. By easing the starting load, it allows a smaller generator to run the AC unit without tripping an overload. This is a cost-effective upgrade that can potentially save you from buying a larger generator.
3. Is it safe to connect two generators together?
Some generators are designed to be connected in parallel to double their power output. However, ensure both generators are compatible and that you use the correct parallel kit designed for those specific models. Attempting to connect generators not designed for parallel operation can damage them and create a safety hazard.
4. How important is it to have an inverter generator?
Inverter generators produce cleaner power, making them safer for sensitive electronics like laptops, smartphones, and modern televisions. While conventional generators can be used with surge protectors, an inverter generator provides peace of mind and is highly recommended, especially for frequent RVers.
5. What happens if my generator is too small?
If your generator is too small, it will overload and shut down. Repeatedly overloading a generator can damage it. Avoid running appliances that draw more power than your generator’s rated capacity.
6. How do I maintain my travel trailer generator?
Regular maintenance is crucial. This includes changing the oil according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, cleaning or replacing the air filter, and checking spark plugs. Store your generator properly during the off-season, following the manufacturer’s guidelines. Fuel stabilizers are essential if storing with fuel left inside.
7. Can I use my travel trailer’s batteries instead of a generator?
Yes, you can rely on your travel trailer’s batteries for certain applications, especially lights and small electronics. However, batteries have limited capacity and will eventually need recharging, either through solar panels, a generator, or shore power. They aren’t a replacement for a generator when running high-wattage appliances like air conditioners or microwaves.
8. How long will a generator run on a tank of gas?
Run time depends on the generator’s fuel tank capacity and the load placed on it. A generator running at full load will consume fuel much faster than one running at half load. Check the manufacturer’s specifications for estimated run times at various load levels.
9. What is the difference between a 30-amp and 50-amp RV connection?
A 30-amp connection provides 3600 watts (30 amps x 120 volts), while a 50-amp connection provides 12,000 watts (50 amps x 240 volts, split into two 50-amp, 120-volt legs). 50-amp RVs typically have more appliances and require more power. If you have a 50-amp RV, you will need a larger generator or a generator setup capable of providing the necessary power.
10. Can I run a generator inside my travel trailer?
Never run a generator inside your travel trailer. Generators produce carbon monoxide, a deadly, odorless gas. Always operate generators outdoors in a well-ventilated area, away from windows and doors. Install carbon monoxide detectors in your travel trailer and check them regularly.
11. How do I protect my electronics from power surges?
Use a surge protector or a power conditioner to protect your sensitive electronics from voltage spikes or fluctuations. These devices help regulate the voltage and prevent damage to your appliances.
12. Is it legal to run a generator in campgrounds?
Many campgrounds have restrictions on generator use, including designated generator hours and noise level limits. Check the campground’s rules and regulations before using your generator. Be considerate of your neighbors and avoid running your generator during quiet hours.
Choosing the right generator size requires careful consideration of your power needs and camping style. By understanding your appliances’ wattage requirements and factoring in safety margins, you can select a generator that provides reliable power for all your travel trailer adventures. Remember to prioritize safety and follow all guidelines for generator operation and maintenance.