Cold War, Pawel Pawlikowski’s breathtakingly beautiful and tragic romance, predominantly uses a 1.37:1 aspect ratio, often referred to as the Academy ratio. This near-square format is integral to the film’s aesthetic, profoundly impacting how we experience the story and characters.
Why 1.37:1? The Director’s Vision
Pawlikowski’s choice of the 1.37:1 aspect ratio for Cold War isn’t a stylistic quirk; it’s a deliberate and crucial artistic decision, meticulously intertwined with the film’s themes and narrative. To understand its significance, we must delve into Pawlikowski’s filmmaking philosophy and the specific context of Cold War.
Evoking Historical Authenticity
The Academy ratio, standardized in 1932, was the dominant format in cinema for decades, particularly prominent in the era surrounding the film’s timeframe (late 1940s to early 1960s). By employing this ratio, Pawlikowski instantly transports the audience to the period, creating a palpable sense of historical authenticity. The visual language itself becomes a time machine, immersing us in the stark realities and aesthetic sensibilities of postwar Europe. This choice goes beyond mere set design; it’s about recreating the visual experience of that era.
Emphasizing Character and Emotion
The near-square format of 1.37:1 intrinsically focuses the viewer’s attention on the subjects within the frame. This close framing allows Pawlikowski to emphasize the nuances of emotion etched on the faces of Wiktor (Tomasz Kot) and Zula (Joanna Kulig). The aspect ratio forces the audience to confront the raw vulnerability and turbulent emotions of the characters, creating a powerful sense of intimacy and immediacy. Wide, sweeping shots are minimized, replaced by tight compositions that prioritize the human element.
Contrasting Landscapes and Confinement
While the film’s central focus is on the intense relationship between Wiktor and Zula, the landscapes play a significant role in representing the external forces influencing their lives. The 1.37:1 ratio, paradoxically, can both emphasize and confine the characters within these landscapes. While the vast Polish countryside or the bustling Parisian streets are visible, they are presented within a restricted frame, hinting at the limited choices and oppressive atmosphere that surrounds them. This juxtaposition underscores the film’s exploration of freedom, constraint, and the enduring power of love amidst political turmoil.
The Power of Black and White
Complementing the 1.37:1 aspect ratio is the film’s striking black and white cinematography. This choice further enhances the sense of historical authenticity and contributes to the film’s overall minimalist aesthetic. The stark contrast between light and shadow adds depth and texture to the images, amplifying the emotional impact of the story. The absence of color directs the viewer’s focus to the composition, acting, and overall atmosphere.
FAQs: Deep Diving into Cold War‘s Aspect Ratio
Here are some frequently asked questions to further clarify the role and impact of the 1.37:1 aspect ratio in Cold War:
FAQ 1: Is Cold War entirely in 1.37:1? Are there any variations?
While the vast majority of Cold War is presented in the 1.37:1 aspect ratio, there are very minor deviations in some international releases and home video versions due to technical considerations for display compatibility. These are typically negligible and do not significantly alter the intended visual experience.
FAQ 2: How does the 1.37:1 ratio affect the composition of shots in Cold War?
The 1.37:1 ratio necessitates a more vertical and character-centric composition. Cinematographer Łukasz Żal uses the frame to tightly encapsulate the characters, focusing on their faces and body language. Long, horizontal compositions are deliberately avoided, drawing the viewer’s attention to the emotional core of each scene.
FAQ 3: Why did Pawlikowski choose black and white alongside the 1.37:1 ratio?
The black and white cinematography amplifies the historical feel and minimalist aesthetic created by the 1.37:1 ratio. It emphasizes the contrasts and textures, adding depth and emotional resonance to the images. The absence of color eliminates distractions, allowing the viewer to focus on the performances and the story’s raw emotion.
FAQ 4: Did Pawlikowski shoot in color and then convert to black and white?
No, Cold War was shot natively in black and white. This allowed the filmmakers to meticulously control the contrasts and tones from the outset, ensuring the desired visual impact. Shooting in black and white from the start requires a different approach to lighting and composition than shooting in color and converting later.
FAQ 5: How does the aspect ratio contribute to the film’s theme of confinement?
The restricted frame of the 1.37:1 ratio visually represents the characters’ emotional and political confinement. Despite fleeting moments of freedom, they are ultimately trapped by their circumstances and their own internal struggles. The aspect ratio reinforces this sense of being hemmed in.
FAQ 6: Does the 1.37:1 ratio affect the film’s pacing or editing?
The aspect ratio can subtly influence the pacing. By focusing on tighter shots, the editing can create a sense of intimacy and urgency. However, Pawlikowski also utilizes long takes to create a contemplative mood, demonstrating that the aspect ratio is just one element of his overall directorial vision.
FAQ 7: How does the 1.37:1 ratio compare to more common widescreen ratios?
Widescreen ratios, such as 1.85:1 or 2.39:1, offer a wider field of view, allowing for more expansive landscapes and group shots. The 1.37:1 ratio, in contrast, prioritizes a narrower, more intimate focus on the characters and their immediate surroundings. This difference significantly alters the viewer’s experience, influencing how they perceive the story and connect with the characters.
FAQ 8: What are the technical challenges of shooting in 1.37:1 in a modern filmmaking context?
Shooting in 1.37:1 requires careful planning and execution. Modern filmmaking equipment is typically designed for widescreen formats, so achieving the desired aspect ratio necessitates specialized lenses and framing techniques. Post-production adjustments are also crucial to ensure the film is properly displayed on various screens.
FAQ 9: Does Cold War‘s aspect ratio influence the viewer’s emotional response to the film?
Absolutely. The 1.37:1 ratio creates a sense of closeness and immediacy, drawing the viewer into the characters’ emotional world. This intimate perspective enhances the emotional impact of the story, making the audience feel more deeply connected to Wiktor and Zula’s struggles.
FAQ 10: Are there other notable films that use the 1.37:1 aspect ratio?
Yes, many classic films, particularly those from the Golden Age of Hollywood and the early days of international cinema, utilize the 1.37:1 aspect ratio. Examples include Citizen Kane, Casablanca, and The Bicycle Thieves. Modern filmmakers sometimes employ it for stylistic or thematic reasons, such as Ida (also directed by Pawlikowski) and The Lighthouse.
FAQ 11: How should I watch Cold War to best appreciate the 1.37:1 aspect ratio?
Ideally, you should watch Cold War on a screen that allows you to view the film in its original aspect ratio without cropping or stretching. This ensures you experience the film as the director intended. Avoid zooming or scaling the image, as this will distort the composition.
FAQ 12: Will Cold War still have the same impact if viewed on a widescreen television that crops the image to fit?
While viewing Cold War on a widescreen television that crops the image is unavoidable for many viewers, it will inevitably compromise the director’s vision. Cropping the image can lead to a loss of visual information and a less intimate viewing experience. While the story and performances will still resonate, the intended visual impact will be diminished. Viewing on a device that respects the aspect ratio is highly recommended.