The primary difference between 35mm and 120mm film lies in their size and format. 120mm film, being significantly larger, produces higher resolution images with finer grain and greater detail, while 35mm offers greater convenience, versatility, and lower cost.
Understanding the Fundamentals: Size and Format
At their core, both 35mm and 120mm film serve the same purpose: to capture light and create photographic images. However, the way they accomplish this, and the resulting quality and characteristics of the image, differ significantly due to their inherent physical properties.
35mm Film: The Versatile Standard
35mm film has long been the dominant format in photography, renowned for its portability, affordability, and wide range of available cameras and lenses. The “35mm” designation refers to the width of the film strip, including the perforations (sprocket holes) used for advancing the film through the camera. The standard image area for a 35mm frame is approximately 24mm x 36mm.
120mm Film: Medium Format Mastery
120mm film, often referred to as medium format, is a larger format film that provides a significantly larger image area compared to 35mm. The “120” designation refers to the film’s spool and backing paper configuration rather than the film’s width. Unlike 35mm which is spooled in cassettes, 120 film is wound onto a spool with a paper backing. While the film’s width is actually 61mm, the term 120 is universally used. The image area on 120 film varies depending on the camera used, but common formats include 6×4.5cm, 6x6cm, 6x7cm, and 6x9cm, each offering a substantial increase in surface area compared to 35mm.
The Impact on Image Quality: Resolution, Grain, and Detail
The larger image area of 120mm film directly translates into several benefits regarding image quality.
Resolution and Sharpness
With a larger surface area to capture light, 120mm film is inherently capable of producing higher resolution images. This means more detail can be recorded, resulting in sharper and more defined photographs, especially when enlarged.
Grain Structure
Grain is the visible texture present in film photographs, caused by the clumping of silver halide crystals in the film emulsion. Because 120mm film has a larger surface area, the grain structure is less noticeable compared to 35mm film. This results in smoother gradients, finer details, and a more pleasing aesthetic, particularly in larger prints.
Dynamic Range
While film type and development play a major role, the larger surface area of 120 film can offer a greater dynamic range, meaning it can capture a wider range of tones from bright highlights to deep shadows. This is particularly beneficial in challenging lighting conditions.
Practical Considerations: Cameras, Lenses, and Cost
The choice between 35mm and 120mm film also depends on practical considerations such as camera availability, lens selection, and overall cost.
Camera Systems
35mm cameras are widely available in various formats, from simple point-and-shoots to sophisticated SLRs and rangefinders. This provides a diverse range of options for photographers of all skill levels and budgets. 120mm cameras, on the other hand, tend to be more specialized and often come with a higher price tag. These cameras range from medium format SLR and TLR cameras to rangefinders and view cameras.
Lens Availability
The lens ecosystem for 35mm cameras is extensive, with a vast selection of lenses available, both new and used, covering a wide range of focal lengths and apertures. 120mm lenses, while not as plentiful as 35mm options, still offer a good selection, particularly for popular medium format systems.
Cost Factors
35mm film and processing are generally less expensive than 120mm film and processing. 35mm cameras themselves are often cheaper to purchase and maintain as well. This cost difference can be a significant factor for photographers on a budget.
Intended Use: Matching Format to Purpose
The best film format for a particular project depends on the intended use of the photographs.
Professional Applications
For professional applications, such as fine art photography, portraiture, and commercial work, where image quality is paramount, 120mm film is often the preferred choice. The superior resolution and detail allow for large prints and demanding reproduction requirements.
Everyday Photography and Travel
35mm film is well-suited for everyday photography, travel, and street photography due to its portability, affordability, and ease of use. It’s a great choice for capturing memories and creating art without breaking the bank.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
FAQ 1: Can I use the same lenses on both 35mm and 120mm cameras?
No, you cannot use the same lenses. 35mm and 120mm cameras have different lens mounts and require lenses specifically designed for their respective formats.
FAQ 2: Is it easier to learn photography using 35mm or 120mm film?
35mm film is generally easier to learn with due to the lower cost of film and processing and the abundance of readily available, affordable cameras. The faster turnaround time for processing also aids in learning from mistakes.
FAQ 3: Does 120mm film require special developing chemicals?
The developing process for 120mm film is very similar to 35mm film, using the same chemicals. The main difference lies in the handling of the larger film format during development.
FAQ 4: What is the average cost of a roll of 35mm film vs. 120mm film?
Generally, a roll of 35mm film costs between $8 – $15, while a roll of 120mm film typically costs between $12 – $25, depending on the brand, film type, and location of purchase. Prices vary greatly between black and white, color negative and color positive film.
FAQ 5: Are 120mm cameras significantly larger and heavier than 35mm cameras?
Yes, 120mm cameras are typically larger and heavier than comparable 35mm cameras due to the larger film format and the more robust construction required to handle it.
FAQ 6: How many shots can I get on a roll of 35mm film vs. 120mm film?
A standard roll of 35mm film typically provides 36 exposures, while the number of exposures on a roll of 120mm film varies depending on the camera format. Common formats include 15 exposures for 6×4.5, 12 exposures for 6×6, 10 exposures for 6×7, and 8 exposures for 6×9.
FAQ 7: Can you scan 120mm film with a standard 35mm film scanner?
No, you cannot use a standard 35mm film scanner to scan 120mm film. You need a scanner specifically designed to accommodate the larger film format.
FAQ 8: Which format is better for black and white photography?
Both 35mm and 120mm film are excellent for black and white photography. 120mm film offers superior tonality and finer grain, while 35mm offers convenience and lower cost. The choice depends on your artistic goals and budget.
FAQ 9: Is there a noticeable difference in image sharpness between the two formats when viewed online?
When viewed online at smaller sizes, the difference in sharpness might be less noticeable. However, when viewed at larger sizes or printed, the higher resolution of 120mm film becomes much more apparent.
FAQ 10: Can I push or pull process both 35mm and 120mm film?
Yes, both 35mm and 120mm film can be push or pull processed to alter their sensitivity and contrast. This technique is more common with black and white film but can also be applied to color film.
FAQ 11: Are there hybrid digital/film medium format cameras?
Yes, there are digital medium format cameras that use digital backs instead of film. These cameras offer the sensor size and image quality of medium format while providing the convenience of digital photography.
FAQ 12: What are some popular 120 film cameras for beginners?
Some popular and relatively affordable 120 film cameras for beginners include the Holga 120, the Diana F+, and various vintage twin-lens reflex (TLR) cameras such as the Yashica Mat 124G. These cameras offer a simple and fun introduction to medium format photography.
Choosing between 35mm and 120mm film ultimately depends on your individual needs and preferences. By understanding the differences in image quality, practical considerations, and intended use, you can make an informed decision and select the format that best suits your photographic vision.