The National Film Registry is predominantly known for its selection of American films, reflecting its mission to preserve the nation’s cinematic heritage. However, the Registry’s scope extends beyond films strictly made in America, allowing for inclusion of films with significant American cultural or historical value, regardless of their country of origin.
What Defines “American” in the National Film Registry?
The widely held perception that the National Film Registry (NFR) exclusively honors American-made films requires clarification. While the primary focus is indeed on celebrating and safeguarding the legacy of American cinema, the criteria for inclusion are more nuanced than a simple “made in the USA” requirement. The National Film Preservation Act of 1988, which established the NFR, stipulates that films must be “culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.” This broader definition allows for the consideration of films produced outside the United States that have had a profound impact on American culture, history, or filmmaking.
Therefore, a film doesn’t necessarily need to be wholly American-produced to warrant inclusion. What matters is its lasting contribution to the American narrative. This could include films that:
- Reflect American society and values: Foreign films that offer insightful portrayals of American life, even from an outside perspective, can qualify.
- Influenced American filmmakers or trends: Films that revolutionized filmmaking techniques or storytelling approaches that were subsequently adopted and adapted by American filmmakers can be considered.
- Played a significant role in American cultural discourse: Films that sparked important conversations or shaped public opinion in the United States can be deemed worthy of preservation.
- Feature substantial American involvement: Co-productions or films with significant American financing, actors, or crew members may be eligible.
In essence, the NFR aims to preserve films that tell America’s story, even if those stories originate from or are interpreted through a non-American lens. This inclusive approach enriches the Registry and provides a more comprehensive view of American cinematic history. The selection process, overseen by the Library of Congress, takes into account diverse viewpoints and perspectives to ensure a fair and representative selection each year.
Deep Dive: Exploring the Selection Criteria
The selection process is rigorous and involves a careful evaluation of each film’s cultural, historical, and aesthetic significance. Nominations are solicited from the public, and the National Film Preservation Board advises the Librarian of Congress on the final selection. Several factors are considered:
- Historical Accuracy and Relevance: Does the film accurately depict a particular historical period or event? Does it offer valuable insights into American society and its evolution?
- Cultural Impact: Did the film influence popular culture, shape public opinion, or spark important conversations?
- Aesthetic Merit: Is the film a groundbreaking work of art? Does it demonstrate innovative filmmaking techniques or storytelling approaches?
- Technical Achievement: Did the film push the boundaries of technology or introduce new techniques to the filmmaking process?
- Preservation Needs: Is the film at risk of being lost or degraded? Does it require immediate preservation efforts?
The ultimate goal is to create a diverse and representative collection of films that reflect the richness and complexity of American cinema and its global influences.
Understanding the FAQs: Expanding Your Knowledge
Here are some frequently asked questions that delve deeper into the National Film Registry and its selection process:
FAQ 1: How many films are selected for the National Film Registry each year?
Each year, the Librarian of Congress selects 25 films to be added to the National Film Registry. This number is mandated by the National Film Preservation Act.
FAQ 2: Can anyone nominate a film for the National Film Registry?
Yes, the public is actively encouraged to nominate films for consideration. Nominations can be submitted through the Library of Congress’s website.
FAQ 3: What happens to films once they are selected for the National Film Registry?
Selection to the National Film Registry ensures that the film will be preserved by the Library of Congress. This includes creating archival-quality copies and ensuring its long-term accessibility for future generations. However, it doesn’t change the film’s copyright or restrict its commercial availability.
FAQ 4: Are there specific genres that are more likely to be selected?
The National Film Registry strives to represent a diverse range of genres, including documentaries, silent films, animated films, experimental films, and Hollywood blockbusters. There’s no single genre that is favored over others.
FAQ 5: Are foreign films ever included in the National Film Registry?
While rare, foreign films can be included if they meet the criteria of having significant cultural, historical, or aesthetic relevance to the United States. A notable example is The Battle of Algiers, which has deeply influenced American political discourse and filmmaking.
FAQ 6: What is the National Film Preservation Foundation (NFPF)?
The National Film Preservation Foundation (NFPF) is a non-profit organization affiliated with the Library of Congress. It supports film preservation efforts across the country by providing grants and resources to archives and other organizations.
FAQ 7: How can I access films that are part of the National Film Registry?
Many films in the National Film Registry are available through various channels, including libraries, museums, streaming services, and DVD/Blu-ray releases. The Library of Congress website provides information about where to find these films.
FAQ 8: What are some examples of films on the National Film Registry that might surprise people?
Beyond the expected classics, the National Film Registry includes a wide array of less conventional films, such as home movies, industrial films, and even commercials. These selections highlight the diversity of American filmmaking and its cultural impact.
FAQ 9: How does the National Film Registry differ from the American Film Institute’s “100 Years…100 Movies” list?
The National Film Registry focuses on preservation and cultural significance, while the American Film Institute’s list is a ranking of the greatest American films based on artistic merit. The criteria and goals are different.
FAQ 10: What is the age requirement for a film to be eligible for the National Film Registry?
To be eligible, a film must be at least 10 years old. This allows for a more measured assessment of its long-term impact and significance.
FAQ 11: Does being on the National Film Registry affect the copyright of a film?
No, inclusion in the National Film Registry does not affect the film’s copyright status. Copyright remains with the original copyright holder.
FAQ 12: How can I learn more about the National Film Registry and its selection process?
The Library of Congress website is the primary resource for information about the National Film Registry. It provides details about the selection process, the criteria for inclusion, and a complete list of films on the Registry. You can also find updates and news related to film preservation efforts.