Travel trailer sway, that unnerving and sometimes dangerous side-to-side motion while towing, is preventable with the right knowledge and equipment. Understanding the root causes, focusing on proper weight distribution, and utilizing effective sway control devices are the keys to a safer and more enjoyable towing experience.
Understanding Travel Trailer Sway
Sway is a terrifying experience for any RV owner. It feels like you’re losing control, and in the worst cases, it can lead to jackknifing or even rollovers. What causes this unpredictable dance of metal and rubber? Let’s delve deeper.
What Causes Sway?
Travel trailer sway, also known as fishtailing, occurs when the trailer’s center of gravity shifts outside the tow vehicle’s wheelbase. This is primarily due to imbalances in weight distribution, aerodynamic forces (like strong crosswinds or passing trucks), and road conditions. The trailer essentially “wants” to steer itself, and without proper control measures, it will. Common culprits include:
- Improper Weight Distribution: Too much weight at the rear of the trailer is a major sway inducer.
- Insufficient Tongue Weight: Tongue weight should be 10-15% of the trailer’s gross trailer weight (GTW).
- High Winds: Crosswinds exert significant force on the trailer’s large surface area.
- Passing Trucks: The turbulent wake of a large truck can create a vacuum effect, pulling the trailer sideways.
- Road Conditions: Uneven pavement or potholes can initiate sway.
- Tire Pressure: Incorrect tire pressure can affect stability and handling.
- Tow Vehicle Compatibility: Towing beyond the vehicle’s rated capacity significantly increases sway risk.
Prevention is Key: Proactive Measures to Minimize Sway
The best approach is to prevent sway from occurring in the first place. This requires careful planning and execution.
Weight Distribution and Tongue Weight
This is arguably the most crucial aspect of sway prevention. Always load your travel trailer with the heaviest items near the axle(s) and towards the front of the trailer.
- Maintain Proper Tongue Weight: Aim for 10-15% of the GTW. Use a tongue weight scale to accurately measure this. Too little tongue weight makes the trailer unstable.
- Even Weight Distribution: Distribute the weight evenly from side to side to prevent imbalances.
- Avoid Rear Loading: Never load heavy items at the rear of the trailer. This dramatically increases the risk of sway.
Choosing the Right Equipment
Investing in the right equipment can significantly improve your towing experience and safety.
- Weight Distribution Hitch: A weight distribution hitch (WDH) transfers weight from the rear of the tow vehicle to the front axle and the trailer axles, leveling the rig and improving handling. This is particularly important for heavier trailers.
- Sway Control Devices:
- Friction Sway Control: Uses friction to dampen sway movements. A friction bar connects the trailer tongue to the tow vehicle.
- Dual Cam Sway Control: More advanced sway control integrated into a WDH. These systems use cams to resist sway more effectively than friction bars.
- Electronic Sway Control (ESC): ESC systems use sensors to detect sway and automatically apply trailer brakes to correct it. These systems are highly effective but can be more expensive.
- Tires: Use ST (Special Trailer) tires designed for trailer use. Ensure they are properly inflated according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Check tire pressure before each trip.
- Tow Vehicle: Ensure your tow vehicle is adequately sized and rated for the weight of your travel trailer. Consult your vehicle’s owner’s manual for towing capacity.
Driving Practices
Safe driving practices are just as important as proper equipment.
- Speed: Reduce speed, especially in windy conditions or when passing trucks. Lower speeds give you more time to react to sway and maintain control.
- Smooth Steering: Avoid sudden steering maneuvers. Gradual corrections are key to maintaining stability.
- Anticipate Conditions: Be aware of weather conditions, road conditions, and traffic patterns. Anticipate potential hazards and adjust your driving accordingly.
- Regular Maintenance: Regularly inspect your tires, hitch, and sway control devices for wear and tear. Address any issues promptly.
Responding to Sway: What To Do If Sway Occurs
Despite your best efforts, sway can still occur. Knowing how to react is crucial.
- Don’t Panic: The most important thing is to remain calm.
- Release the Accelerator: Gradually release the accelerator. Do NOT brake suddenly, as this can exacerbate the sway.
- Steer Straight: Hold the steering wheel firmly and steer straight. Avoid overcorrecting.
- Use the Trailer Brakes (If Equipped): If your trailer is equipped with electric brakes, gently apply them manually using the controller. This can help to straighten out the trailer.
- Gradually Slow Down: Allow the vehicle to gradually slow down.
- Pull Over Safely: Once you have regained control, pull over to a safe location to inspect your equipment and assess the situation.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1: How do I determine the correct tongue weight for my travel trailer?
The correct tongue weight is typically 10-15% of the Gross Trailer Weight (GTW). Weigh your trailer at a certified scale. Then, use a tongue weight scale to measure the tongue weight at the coupler. Adjust the load distribution within the trailer until you achieve the desired tongue weight percentage.
Q2: Is a weight distribution hitch necessary for all travel trailers?
While not legally required in all jurisdictions, a weight distribution hitch (WDH) is highly recommended for travel trailers exceeding 50% of the tow vehicle’s weight rating. It improves handling, reduces rear-end sag, and enhances overall stability. For heavier trailers, it’s practically essential.
Q3: Can I use a friction sway control with a weight distribution hitch?
Yes, you can. Many WDH systems are designed to accommodate friction sway control devices. However, dual cam sway control systems, which are integrated into the WDH, are often considered more effective.
Q4: What are the signs that my travel trailer is improperly loaded?
Signs of improper loading include: excessive bouncing or swaying, difficulty steering, uneven tire wear, and a “sagging” rear end of the tow vehicle.
Q5: How often should I check my tire pressure when towing?
Check your tire pressure before each trip and whenever you stop for fuel. Tire pressure can fluctuate with temperature, so it’s important to monitor it regularly.
Q6: What is the difference between ST and LT tires, and which should I use on my travel trailer?
ST (Special Trailer) tires are specifically designed for trailer use. They have stiffer sidewalls to handle the unique stresses of towing and are less prone to sway. LT (Light Truck) tires are designed for trucks and SUVs and may not be suitable for trailers. Always use ST tires on your travel trailer.
Q7: Can strong winds cause travel trailer sway even with a sway control device?
Yes, strong winds can still cause sway even with a sway control device. The device will help dampen the sway, but it may not completely eliminate it in extreme conditions. Reduce your speed and be extra cautious in windy conditions.
Q8: My travel trailer swayed badly once, even though I thought I had everything properly set up. What could have caused it?
Several factors could contribute. Check for loose items inside the trailer that may have shifted during travel. Also, consider if a passing truck or sudden gust of wind triggered the sway. Inspect your tires for damage or uneven wear. If the sway was severe, have a professional inspect your hitch and suspension.
Q9: Are electronic sway control (ESC) systems worth the investment?
Electronic Sway Control (ESC) systems are considered the most advanced and effective sway control technology. While they are more expensive, they offer a significant improvement in safety and stability. They are particularly beneficial for larger, heavier trailers or for those who frequently tow in challenging conditions.
Q10: How do I know if my tow vehicle is properly matched to my travel trailer?
Consult your tow vehicle’s owner’s manual for its Gross Combined Weight Rating (GCWR). This is the maximum permissible weight of the tow vehicle and the loaded trailer combined. Also, consider the vehicle’s towing capacity and payload capacity. Ensure that your loaded trailer weight does not exceed these limits.
Q11: What should I do if I experience severe sway and cannot regain control?
If you experience severe sway and cannot regain control, your primary goal is to avoid a rollover. Gradually apply the trailer brakes (if equipped) and steer in the opposite direction of the sway. This may seem counterintuitive, but it can help to straighten out the trailer. If possible, try to steer towards a safe location, such as the shoulder of the road.
Q12: Can upgrading my travel trailer’s suspension help reduce sway?
Yes, upgrading your travel trailer’s suspension can significantly improve stability and reduce sway. Upgraded suspension systems, such as those with heavier-duty springs or shocks, can provide better control and handling, especially when towing on uneven roads or in windy conditions. Consider leaf spring upgrades, airbag assistance, or independent suspension systems for enhanced stability.