Connecting a trailer to your 2019 Ford Ranger unlocks a world of hauling possibilities, but safety is paramount, and that means equipping your trailer with functioning brakes. This guide details, step-by-step, how to install a trailer brake controller, ensuring you have the necessary stopping power and control for your towing needs.
What’s Involved in Installing a Trailer Brake Controller?
Installing a trailer brake controller on your 2019 Ford Ranger involves connecting the controller to your vehicle’s electrical system to modulate the trailer brakes in proportion to your truck’s braking. The process requires basic mechanical skills, a few essential tools, and careful attention to detail to ensure a safe and reliable installation. Following this guide will enable you to handle this job yourself, saving you money and ensuring the work is done correctly.
Preparing for the Installation
Gathering Your Tools and Materials
Before starting, assemble the necessary tools and materials:
- Trailer Brake Controller: Choose a reputable brand and a controller compatible with your trailer’s braking system (electric over hydraulic or electric). Proportional controllers are generally recommended for smoother braking.
- Wiring Harness: Most 2019 Ford Rangers come pre-wired for a trailer brake controller. You will need the correct adapter harness that connects the controller to the factory wiring. This greatly simplifies the installation process.
- Crimping Tool: For secure wire connections, a quality crimping tool is essential.
- Wire Strippers: For stripping the insulation from wires without damaging the conductors.
- Electrical Tape: To insulate connections and prevent shorts.
- Multimeter: To test for voltage and continuity, ensuring correct wiring.
- Screwdriver Set: Both Phillips and flathead screwdrivers are likely needed.
- Socket Set: Various socket sizes may be required to remove panels.
- Zip Ties: To secure wiring and keep it organized.
- Gloves and Safety Glasses: For personal protection.
Locating the Factory Wiring
The pre-wired connector for the trailer brake controller is usually located underneath the dashboard, near the steering column. You might need to remove a lower dash panel to access it. Consult your owner’s manual or search online forums for the exact location specific to your Ranger’s trim level. Identifying this connector is crucial for a simplified installation.
The Installation Process: Step-by-Step
Step 1: Disconnect the Battery
Safety first! Disconnect the negative terminal of your vehicle’s battery. This prevents electrical shorts and potential damage to your electrical system.
Step 2: Locate and Connect the Wiring Harness
Find the factory wiring connector you identified earlier. Plug the adapter harness into this connector. The other end of the adapter harness will have wires that need to be connected to the trailer brake controller.
Step 3: Connect the Controller Wiring
The adapter harness typically has four wires that need to be connected to the brake controller:
- Power Wire (Typically Black or Red): Connects to the 12V power source. Usually, this is already present in the factory harness.
- Ground Wire (Typically White): Connects to a solid ground point on the vehicle’s chassis. Ensure a clean, rust-free connection.
- Brake Signal Wire (Typically Blue): This wire sends the signal to activate the trailer brakes when you apply your truck’s brakes. This wire is typically present in the factory harness.
- Output Wire (Typically Orange): This wire connects to the trailer’s brake lights and activates the trailer brakes when the manual override lever on the controller is used. This wire is typically present in the factory harness.
Use the crimping tool to securely connect the wires from the adapter harness to the corresponding terminals on the brake controller. Use electrical tape to insulate each connection.
Step 4: Mount the Brake Controller
Choose a location for the brake controller that is easily accessible and doesn’t obstruct your driving. Common mounting locations are under the dashboard or on the center console. Secure the controller using screws or mounting brackets.
Step 5: Secure the Wiring
Use zip ties to secure the wiring harness and keep it organized. Ensure the wires are not pinched or rubbing against sharp edges.
Step 6: Reconnect the Battery
Reconnect the negative terminal of the battery.
Step 7: Test the Brake Controller
Start your vehicle and test the brake controller. Consult the controller’s owner’s manual for specific testing procedures. You should be able to manually activate the trailer brakes using the override lever. Verify that the trailer brakes are functioning correctly when you apply the brakes.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
If the brake controller is not working correctly, check the following:
- Wiring Connections: Ensure all connections are secure and properly insulated.
- Ground Connection: Verify the ground connection is clean and secure.
- Fuses: Check the fuse box for blown fuses related to the trailer brake controller circuit. Consult your owner’s manual for fuse locations.
- Controller Settings: Refer to the controller’s owner’s manual to ensure it is properly configured for your trailer’s braking system.
Safety Precautions
- Always disconnect the battery before working on your vehicle’s electrical system.
- Use proper crimping tools to ensure secure wire connections.
- Insulate all connections with electrical tape to prevent shorts.
- Consult the brake controller’s owner’s manual for specific safety instructions.
- If you are unsure about any aspect of the installation, consult a qualified mechanic.
FAQs About Trailer Brake Controller Installation on a 2019 Ford Ranger
Q1: Does my 2019 Ford Ranger already have a trailer brake controller installed?
A: No, the 2019 Ford Ranger does not come standard with a trailer brake controller installed. However, it is typically pre-wired with a harness for easy installation.
Q2: What type of trailer brake controller is best for my 2019 Ford Ranger?
A: A proportional brake controller is generally recommended. Proportional controllers apply the trailer brakes in proportion to the truck’s braking force, resulting in smoother and more controlled braking. Time-delayed controllers are another option, but they apply the brakes at a pre-set rate, which may not be as smooth.
Q3: Where is the pre-wired connector located in my 2019 Ford Ranger?
A: The connector is typically located under the dashboard, near the steering column. You may need to remove a lower dash panel for access. Refer to your owner’s manual for the precise location.
Q4: Can I install a trailer brake controller myself, or should I have it professionally installed?
A: If you have basic mechanical skills and a good understanding of automotive electrical systems, you can likely install it yourself. However, if you are unsure or uncomfortable with any aspect of the installation, it is best to have it professionally installed.
Q5: What size fuses do I need for the trailer brake controller circuit?
A: Consult your owner’s manual for the specific fuse sizes for the trailer brake controller circuit. Typically, there will be a fuse in the under-hood fuse box dedicated to trailer brakes, and potentially another for trailer lighting.
Q6: What happens if I don’t have a trailer brake controller installed when towing a trailer with brakes?
A: It is illegal and dangerous to tow a trailer with brakes without a functioning brake controller. Without a brake controller, you will not be able to properly control the trailer, which can lead to accidents and serious injuries.
Q7: How do I adjust the gain on my trailer brake controller?
A: The gain setting determines the amount of braking force applied to the trailer. Adjust the gain according to the weight of the trailer and the road conditions. Refer to your controller’s owner’s manual for specific adjustment instructions. The goal is to have the trailer brakes engage slightly before the truck brakes.
Q8: What does the manual override lever on the brake controller do?
A: The manual override lever allows you to manually activate the trailer brakes independently of the truck’s brakes. This can be useful in situations where you need to slow down or stabilize the trailer.
Q9: How do I know if my trailer brake controller is working correctly?
A: You should be able to manually activate the trailer brakes using the override lever and feel the trailer slowing down. When braking normally, you should feel the trailer brakes engaging smoothly and proportionally to your truck’s braking force. A test drive with a spotter is recommended.
Q10: Can I use a wireless trailer brake controller on my 2019 Ford Ranger?
A: Yes, wireless trailer brake controllers are an option. However, they typically require a more complex installation and may not be as reliable as wired controllers. Research the pros and cons of wireless controllers before making a decision.
Q11: What if my 2019 Ford Ranger doesn’t have the pre-wired connector?
A: While less common, if your Ranger lacks the factory wiring, you will need to run wires from the brake controller to the appropriate circuits. This is a more complex task and should be performed by a qualified mechanic.
Q12: Where can I find the wiring diagram for my 2019 Ford Ranger’s trailer brake controller?
A: The wiring diagram can usually be found in your owner’s manual or in a Ford Ranger repair manual. Online forums dedicated to Ford Rangers can also provide helpful information and diagrams.