Building a motorcycle pull-behind trailer, while potentially challenging, offers the reward of personalized hauling capabilities and cost savings compared to purchasing a pre-built model. By carefully selecting materials, mastering welding or fabrication techniques, and meticulously adhering to safety standards, you can construct a reliable and practical trailer tailored to your specific needs, transforming your motorcycle into a versatile touring machine.
Planning and Design: The Foundation of Success
Before you even pick up a wrench, meticulous planning is crucial. This stage dictates the safety, functionality, and overall success of your trailer build.
Defining Your Needs
What will you be hauling? Camping gear? Tools? Groceries? Understanding the intended use informs the trailer’s size, weight capacity, and overall design. Consider the heaviest load you anticipate carrying, and factor in a safety margin. Overbuilding is always preferable to underbuilding when it comes to safety.
Choosing a Design
Several trailer designs exist, each with its own strengths and weaknesses:
- Single-Wheel Trailers: Offer improved maneuverability and a streamlined look, but can affect motorcycle handling more noticeably. They require a carefully engineered hitch system.
- Two-Wheel Trailers: More stable and distribute weight better, but less nimble in tight spaces. They are generally easier to construct than single-wheel trailers.
- Cargo Box Trailers: Enclosed trailers offer protection from the elements and provide secure storage. They are ideal for hauling valuable or sensitive items.
- Open Trailers: Simpler and lighter, suitable for carrying bulky items that don’t require weather protection.
Research different designs online, browse motorcycle forums, and consider purchasing plans if you’re not comfortable creating your own from scratch.
Material Selection
The choice of materials significantly impacts the trailer’s weight, strength, and durability. Common materials include:
- Steel: Strong and relatively inexpensive, but prone to rust if not properly treated. Mild steel is the most common choice for trailer frames.
- Aluminum: Lighter than steel and rust-resistant, but more expensive and requires specialized welding techniques.
- Wood: Used for trailer beds or sides, often in conjunction with a steel or aluminum frame. Plywood should be marine-grade for weather resistance.
Consider the thickness of the steel tubing or sheet metal you use. Thicker materials provide greater strength but also increase weight.
Construction: Bringing Your Vision to Life
With a solid plan in place, you can begin the construction phase. This involves cutting, welding, and assembling the various components of your trailer.
Frame Construction
The frame is the backbone of your trailer and must be strong enough to withstand the intended load. Use appropriate welding techniques to ensure strong and reliable joints. Proper welding is critical to the trailer’s structural integrity. If you’re not an experienced welder, consider hiring a professional. Pay close attention to the alignment of the frame members to ensure the trailer tracks straight.
Axle and Suspension
The axle and suspension system determine the trailer’s ride quality and handling characteristics. Consider using a leaf spring or torsion axle suspension for smoother ride. Ensure the axle is rated for the trailer’s intended weight capacity. Always use new, DOT-approved axles and suspension components. Salvaged parts can be unreliable and potentially dangerous.
Wheels and Tires
Choose wheels and tires that are rated for the trailer’s weight and speed. Ensure they are compatible with the axle and suspension system. Match the tire pressure to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
Wiring and Lighting
Proper wiring and lighting are essential for safety and compliance with traffic laws. Use DOT-approved lights and wiring harnesses. Pay close attention to grounding to prevent electrical problems. Regularly inspect the lights and wiring to ensure they are functioning correctly.
Finishing Touches
Once the trailer is structurally complete, you can add finishing touches such as paint, fenders, and a cargo box. Protect the trailer frame with a rust-resistant primer and paint. Consider adding reflective tape to increase visibility, especially at night.
Safety and Legal Considerations
Building a motorcycle trailer involves significant safety and legal responsibilities.
Hitching System
The hitching system is the critical link between your motorcycle and the trailer. Choose a hitch that is specifically designed for motorcycle use and rated for the trailer’s weight. Install the hitch securely according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Regularly inspect the hitch for wear and tear. A faulty hitch can lead to a serious accident.
Weight Distribution
Proper weight distribution is essential for safe handling. Load the trailer so that the weight is evenly distributed and slightly forward of the axle. Avoid overloading the trailer, as this can affect the motorcycle’s handling and braking performance.
Legal Requirements
Check with your local Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) for any specific requirements regarding trailer registration, licensing, and inspections. Some jurisdictions may require you to have the trailer inspected by a certified mechanic. Ensure your trailer complies with all applicable traffic laws.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Here are some frequently asked questions to further illuminate the process of building a motorcycle pull-behind trailer:
FAQ 1: What tools are absolutely essential for building a motorcycle trailer?
A quality welder (MIG or TIG), angle grinder with cutting and grinding wheels, drill, measuring tools (tape measure, level, square), sockets and wrenches, and safety gear (welding helmet, gloves, safety glasses) are indispensable.
FAQ 2: How much does it typically cost to build a motorcycle trailer?
Costs vary depending on the size, complexity, and materials used, but typically range from $500 to $1500. This includes materials, hardware, and potentially professional welding if you opt for it.
FAQ 3: What type of steel is best for building a trailer frame?
Mild steel (A36) is the most commonly used and cost-effective option. It’s readily available and relatively easy to weld.
FAQ 4: What is the best way to prevent rust on a steel trailer frame?
Apply a rust-inhibiting primer followed by multiple coats of durable paint. Powder coating provides an even more durable and long-lasting finish.
FAQ 5: What size axle should I use for my motorcycle trailer?
The axle rating should be significantly higher than the anticipated maximum weight of the trailer and its contents. Err on the side of caution. A 2000 lb axle is common for small to medium sized trailers.
FAQ 6: How do I properly wire the trailer lights?
Use a standard four- or five-wire trailer wiring harness. Connect the wires according to the manufacturer’s instructions, paying close attention to grounding. Test the lights before each use.
FAQ 7: What type of hitch is best for a motorcycle trailer?
Ball hitches are common, but swivel hitches are often preferred as they allow for greater articulation and reduce stress on the motorcycle frame. Choose a hitch specifically designed for motorcycle use.
FAQ 8: How do I determine the proper tongue weight for my trailer?
Tongue weight should be approximately 10-15% of the total trailer weight. Adjust the load distribution to achieve the correct tongue weight. Use a bathroom scale to measure it accurately.
FAQ 9: What should I do if my trailer starts to sway or wobble?
Reduce your speed immediately. Check the tire pressure, load distribution, and hitch connection. Ensure the trailer is not overloaded. Sway control devices can also help.
FAQ 10: Is it legal to build my own motorcycle trailer?
Yes, but you must comply with all applicable state and federal regulations regarding trailer construction, registration, and lighting. Check with your local DMV for specific requirements.
FAQ 11: What are the advantages of using aluminum over steel for a trailer frame?
Aluminum is lighter and more resistant to corrosion than steel. This can improve fuel economy and reduce maintenance.
FAQ 12: Where can I find plans for building a motorcycle trailer?
Online resources, motorcycle forums, and specialized trailer parts suppliers often offer plans for various trailer designs. Search for reputable sources and carefully review the plans before starting construction.
By following these guidelines and prioritizing safety, you can successfully build a motorcycle pull-behind trailer that enhances your riding experience and expands your hauling capabilities. Remember to research thoroughly, plan meticulously, and build with care. Safe travels!