Building your own enclosed cargo trailer offers significant cost savings and customization opportunities, allowing you to tailor a trailer to your specific needs and hauling requirements. While a challenging project, with meticulous planning, the right tools, and a solid understanding of trailer construction principles, you can create a durable and reliable trailer capable of handling your toughest workloads.
Why Build, Not Buy? The Appeal of DIY Trailers
Many might ask, “Why embark on such a demanding project when pre-built trailers are readily available?” The answer lies in the confluence of cost savings, customization, and control. Commercial trailers, while convenient, often come with a premium price tag and may not perfectly match your desired dimensions, load capacity, or internal features. Building your own trailer allows you to:
- Reduce Costs: By sourcing materials directly and eliminating labor costs, you can significantly reduce the overall expense compared to purchasing a new or even used enclosed trailer.
- Tailor to Specific Needs: You gain complete control over the dimensions, materials, and internal layout, ensuring the trailer perfectly accommodates your cargo and operational requirements.
- Choose High-Quality Materials: You’re not limited to the materials used in mass-produced trailers. You can opt for higher-grade steel, thicker plywood, and more durable components, ensuring a longer lifespan.
- Develop Valuable Skills: The construction process provides hands-on experience in welding, fabrication, electrical wiring, and woodworking, enhancing your overall DIY capabilities.
- Sense of Accomplishment: Completing a project of this magnitude provides a profound sense of accomplishment and satisfaction.
Planning is Paramount: Designing Your Trailer
Before you even pick up a wrench, a thorough planning phase is essential. This involves determining your specific needs, creating detailed blueprints, and sourcing the necessary materials.
Defining Your Needs
Start by answering these critical questions:
- What will you primarily be hauling? (e.g., motorcycles, furniture, tools, equipment)
- What are the dimensions of your cargo? (Length, width, height, and weight)
- What is the desired load capacity of the trailer? (This will dictate the axle rating and frame strength)
- What features do you need? (e.g., side doors, ramp door, windows, ventilation, tie-down points, electrical wiring)
- What is your budget? (This will influence your material choices)
Creating Detailed Blueprints
Based on your needs, create detailed blueprints of your trailer. This includes:
- Overall dimensions: Length, width, and height of the trailer body.
- Frame design: Detailed drawings of the frame structure, including the placement of cross members and supports. Consider using a robust rectangular steel tubing for the frame.
- Axle placement: Proper axle placement is crucial for stability and weight distribution. Consult with a trailer axle specialist for optimal positioning based on your trailer’s dimensions and load capacity.
- Wall and roof construction: Specify the materials (e.g., plywood, aluminum sheeting) and their thickness.
- Door and window placement: Clearly indicate the location and dimensions of all doors and windows.
- Electrical wiring diagram: Plan the wiring for lights, brakes, and any other electrical components.
- Material list: Compile a comprehensive list of all materials required, including steel, wood, fasteners, wiring, and hardware.
Sourcing Materials
Once you have your blueprints and material list, begin sourcing your materials.
- Steel: Purchase high-quality structural steel tubing from a reputable supplier.
- Plywood: Use exterior-grade plywood for the walls and roof.
- Aluminum sheeting: Consider aluminum sheeting for a durable and weather-resistant exterior.
- Axle and suspension: Purchase a suitable axle and suspension system from a trailer parts supplier. Ensure the axle rating meets or exceeds your desired load capacity.
- Wheels and tires: Choose wheels and tires that are appropriately sized for your trailer and load capacity.
- Fasteners: Use high-quality bolts, screws, and rivets to ensure a secure and durable structure.
- Electrical components: Purchase wiring, lights, brakes, and other electrical components from a reputable supplier.
- Doors and windows: Choose doors and windows that are appropriate for your trailer’s design and intended use.
Construction: From Frame to Finish
With your plans and materials in hand, the construction phase begins. This involves welding the frame, building the walls and roof, installing the axle and suspension, and completing the electrical wiring and finishing touches.
Building the Frame
- Cut the steel tubing: Precisely cut the steel tubing according to your blueprints.
- Weld the frame: Use a MIG or TIG welder to weld the frame together. Ensure all welds are strong and secure. Reinforce critical joints with gussets. Proper welding technique is paramount for structural integrity.
- Paint the frame: Apply a coat of rust-resistant primer and paint to protect the steel from corrosion.
Constructing the Walls and Roof
- Frame the walls: Build a wooden frame for the walls using 2×4 lumber or similar material.
- Attach the plywood: Attach the plywood to the wall frame using screws or nails.
- Sheath the exterior: Apply aluminum sheeting or other exterior cladding to the walls and roof. Securely fasten the sheeting with rivets or screws. Ensure proper sealing and weatherproofing to prevent leaks.
- Install doors and windows: Install the doors and windows according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Installing the Axle and Suspension
- Weld the axle mounts: Weld the axle mounts to the frame according to your blueprints.
- Install the axle and suspension: Install the axle and suspension system. Ensure all components are properly aligned and secured.
- Install the wheels and tires: Install the wheels and tires and torque the lug nuts to the manufacturer’s specifications.
Wiring and Finishing Touches
- Run the electrical wiring: Run the electrical wiring through the trailer, connecting the lights, brakes, and other electrical components. Adhere to DOT regulations for trailer wiring.
- Install the interior: Install any desired interior features, such as flooring, walls, shelving, or tie-down points.
- Paint and finish: Paint the interior and exterior of the trailer as desired.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Here are some frequently asked questions regarding building enclosed cargo trailers.
1. How much does it cost to build an enclosed cargo trailer?
The cost varies greatly depending on the size, materials, and features. A basic 6×12 trailer can range from $2,000 to $5,000 in materials, while a larger, more elaborate trailer can easily exceed $10,000. Always factor in unexpected expenses.
2. What tools are required to build an enclosed cargo trailer?
Essential tools include a welder (MIG or TIG), cutting tools (plasma cutter, angle grinder), a drill, a saw (circular saw, jigsaw), measuring tools (tape measure, level), and various hand tools (wrenches, screwdrivers, pliers). Safety gear is also crucial: welding helmet, gloves, safety glasses.
3. What type of steel should I use for the trailer frame?
Rectangular steel tubing is the most common choice due to its strength and ease of welding. Choose a thickness appropriate for your desired load capacity. Consult with a steel supplier for recommendations.
4. How do I determine the correct axle rating for my trailer?
The axle rating should exceed the total weight of the trailer, including the trailer’s empty weight and the maximum cargo weight. It’s always better to err on the side of caution and choose an axle with a slightly higher rating than necessary.
5. What type of brakes should I use on my trailer?
Brakes are typically required on trailers exceeding a certain weight (often 3,000 lbs gross vehicle weight rating). Electric brakes are the most common type. Consult your local regulations for specific requirements.
6. How do I properly wire my trailer’s electrical system?
Follow a DOT-approved wiring diagram and use appropriately sized wiring. Ensure all connections are secure and properly insulated. Consider using weatherproof connectors and junction boxes.
7. What type of flooring is best for an enclosed cargo trailer?
Plywood is a common and affordable option. However, for increased durability and water resistance, consider using treated plywood or a rubberized flooring material.
8. How do I weatherproof my trailer to prevent leaks?
Proper sealing is essential. Use sealant around all doors, windows, and seams. Consider using a rubber roof coating to prevent leaks from the roof.
9. What are the legal requirements for building a trailer?
Contact your local Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) or transportation authority to determine the specific requirements for registration, inspection, and licensing. DOT compliance is essential.
10. How do I register and title my homemade trailer?
The process varies by state but typically involves providing documentation of the materials used, the trailer’s dimensions, and a VIN (Vehicle Identification Number) that you may need to obtain. Be prepared for inspection.
11. Is it cheaper to build or buy an enclosed cargo trailer?
Generally, building your own trailer is cheaper than buying a new one, especially if you have access to tools and welding experience. However, factor in the cost of your time and the potential for errors.
12. What are some common mistakes to avoid when building an enclosed cargo trailer?
Common mistakes include using inadequate materials, poor welding, improper axle placement, and neglecting to properly wire and weatherproof the trailer. Careful planning and attention to detail are crucial to avoid these costly errors.
Conclusion
Building an enclosed cargo trailer is a significant undertaking that requires careful planning, meticulous execution, and a solid understanding of trailer construction principles. However, with the right tools, materials, and knowledge, you can create a durable, reliable, and customized trailer that perfectly meets your needs and saves you money in the long run. Remember to prioritize safety, follow local regulations, and always double-check your work. Good luck, and happy building!