Adjusting electric trailer brakes on Dexter axles involves a systematic process of tightening the brake shoes against the drum until a slight drag is felt, then backing off the adjustment until the wheel spins freely. Proper adjustment ensures optimal braking performance, safety, and extends the life of your brake components.
Understanding Dexter Electric Trailer Brakes
Dexter axles are a ubiquitous presence in the trailer industry, known for their durability and reliability. A crucial component of these axles, particularly in larger trailers, is the electric brake system. These brakes rely on an electromagnet energized by the tow vehicle to activate the brake shoes, pressing them against the brake drum. Over time, these shoes wear down, requiring periodic adjustment to maintain optimal braking efficiency. Neglecting brake adjustment can lead to diminished stopping power, uneven braking, and accelerated wear of brake components. Therefore, understanding the adjustment process is paramount for trailer owners.
Preparing for the Adjustment Process
Before diving into the actual adjustment, several preparatory steps are crucial to ensure safety and accuracy.
Gathering Necessary Tools
Before you begin, gather the following tools:
- Jack: A robust trailer jack capable of safely lifting the trailer wheel off the ground.
- Jack Stands: Essential for safety; never work under a trailer supported only by a jack.
- Brake Adjustment Tool (Spoon): A specialized tool designed to access and manipulate the brake adjuster wheel through the adjustment slot. A flathead screwdriver can be used in a pinch, but the proper tool provides better control and prevents damage.
- Wheel Chocks: To secure the trailer from rolling.
- Gloves: To protect your hands.
- Penetrating Oil (Optional): If the adjuster wheel is seized, a small amount of penetrating oil can help loosen it.
- Torque Wrench (Optional): To properly tighten the lug nuts after the adjustment is complete.
Safety Precautions
Safety should always be your top priority. Follow these precautions meticulously:
- Park on a Level Surface: Ensure the trailer is parked on a level surface to prevent accidental rolling.
- Chock the Wheels: Place wheel chocks behind the wheels that are not being worked on.
- Engage the Emergency Brake: Engage the trailer’s emergency brake system.
- Use Jack Stands: After jacking up the trailer, immediately place jack stands under the axle or frame to support the weight. Never work under a trailer supported only by a jack.
- Disconnect the Trailer Wiring Harness: Disconnecting the trailer wiring harness from the tow vehicle prevents accidental activation of the electric brakes during the adjustment process.
Step-by-Step Adjustment Procedure
With the trailer safely secured and the necessary tools at hand, you can now proceed with the brake adjustment.
Identifying the Adjustment Slots
On Dexter axles, the brake adjustment slots are typically located on the backing plate, usually on the bottom edge. You will usually find an oval rubber plug that covers these slots to prevent dirt and debris from entering. Remove the rubber plugs to access the adjuster wheel.
Tightening the Brake Shoes
Insert the brake adjustment tool into the adjustment slot and engage the adjuster wheel. Rotate the wheel upward (or downward, depending on the design of the adjuster) to tighten the brake shoes against the drum. Continue rotating the wheel until the wheel becomes very difficult or impossible to spin by hand. You’re essentially expanding the brake shoes until they completely engage the drum.
Backing Off the Adjustment
Once the wheel is locked, use the brake adjustment tool to back off the adjuster wheel. The general rule of thumb is to back off the adjuster until the wheel spins freely with a slight, consistent drag. This drag indicates that the brake shoes are properly positioned and will engage effectively when the brakes are applied. The precise amount of “back-off” varies, but a starting point is typically 6-8 clicks of the adjuster wheel.
Testing the Adjustment
After adjusting the brakes on one wheel, spin it to check for even drag. Then, move on to the next wheel and repeat the process. Once all wheels have been adjusted, it’s crucial to perform a road test.
Road Test and Final Check
Drive the trailer at a low speed and gently apply the brakes. Listen for any unusual noises, such as squealing or grinding, which could indicate improper adjustment or worn components. The trailer should stop smoothly and evenly. If the brakes feel uneven or jerky, re-inspect and readjust them as necessary. After the road test, double-check the lug nut torque to ensure they are tightened to the manufacturer’s specifications. Replace the rubber plugs covering the adjustment slots.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Here are some frequently asked questions regarding electric trailer brake adjustment on Dexter axles.
FAQ 1: How often should I adjust my electric trailer brakes?
Electric trailer brakes should be inspected and adjusted at least once a year, or more frequently if you tow regularly or in demanding conditions. Consider adjusting them before any long trips.
FAQ 2: What are the signs that my electric trailer brakes need adjustment?
Signs include:
- Reduced braking power.
- Uneven braking (the trailer pulls to one side).
- A soft or spongy brake pedal.
- Squealing or grinding noises when braking.
- Excessive brake drum wear.
FAQ 3: Can I adjust my brakes with the self-adjusting feature?
While some Dexter axles feature self-adjusting brakes, they often require manual adjustments to function correctly. The self-adjuster is only effective during reverse braking maneuvers. Regular manual checks and adjustments are still essential.
FAQ 4: What causes electric trailer brakes to wear out quickly?
Several factors can contribute to rapid brake wear, including:
- Overloading the trailer.
- Aggressive braking habits.
- Towing in mountainous terrain.
- Contamination of the brake shoes with grease or oil.
- Corrosion due to exposure to water and salt.
FAQ 5: How do I know if my brake shoes are worn out and need replacement?
Signs of worn brake shoes include:
- The adjuster wheel is turned out almost completely.
- Thin or cracked brake shoe lining.
- The brake shoes are contaminated with grease or oil.
- The brake drums are excessively scored or damaged.
FAQ 6: Can I replace the brake shoes myself?
Replacing brake shoes is a more complex procedure than adjusting them and requires mechanical aptitude and specialized tools. If you’re not comfortable with this type of repair, it’s best to consult a qualified trailer mechanic.
FAQ 7: What type of lubricant should I use on the brake adjuster wheel?
Use a high-quality brake grease that is specifically designed for brake components. Avoid using petroleum-based lubricants, as they can damage the rubber seals.
FAQ 8: What is the proper lug nut torque for my trailer wheels?
The correct lug nut torque varies depending on the wheel size and lug nut type. Consult your trailer’s owner’s manual or the wheel manufacturer’s specifications for the correct torque value. Always use a torque wrench to ensure proper tightening.
FAQ 9: What do I do if the brake adjuster wheel is seized and won’t turn?
Apply penetrating oil to the adjuster wheel and let it soak for several hours or overnight. Gently tap the backing plate around the adjuster with a hammer to help loosen any corrosion. If the adjuster still won’t turn, you may need to replace the brake assembly.
FAQ 10: Are electric trailer brakes legal in all states?
Most states require trailers exceeding a certain weight threshold to be equipped with brakes. Check your state’s regulations regarding trailer brake requirements.
FAQ 11: What are the common mistakes people make when adjusting electric trailer brakes?
Common mistakes include:
- Over-tightening the brake shoes.
- Not using jack stands.
- Forgetting to chock the wheels.
- Using the wrong tools.
- Ignoring signs of worn components.
- Not doing a test drive.
FAQ 12: Where can I find replacement parts for my Dexter electric trailer brakes?
Replacement parts for Dexter electric trailer brakes can be purchased from trailer supply stores, online retailers, and authorized Dexter dealers. Ensure you purchase the correct parts for your specific axle model.
By following these steps and addressing these FAQs, you can effectively adjust your electric trailer brakes on Dexter axles, ensuring safe and reliable towing performance. Remember, if you are ever unsure about any aspect of the adjustment process, consult a qualified trailer mechanic.