Effectively adjusting the electric brakes on your gooseneck trailer is crucial for safety and performance, ensuring consistent and reliable stopping power. Proper adjustment involves a systematic approach, including inspecting the brakes, adjusting the star wheel mechanisms, and testing the performance, ultimately guaranteeing safe towing.
Understanding Electric Brakes on Gooseneck Trailers
Electric brakes on gooseneck trailers are electromagnetically actuated. When you apply the brakes in your tow vehicle, an electrical signal is sent to the trailer’s brake magnets. These magnets are energized and attract to the rotating brake drum, creating friction that engages the brake shoes. The more electrical current, the stronger the braking force. A properly adjusted system ensures this process happens efficiently and evenly across all brakes.
Why Brake Adjustment Matters
- Safety: Maladjusted brakes can lead to uneven braking, pulling, and increased stopping distances, creating hazardous situations.
- Performance: Improperly adjusted brakes reduce the effectiveness of the braking system, requiring more effort and potentially damaging the brakes.
- Longevity: Correct adjustment helps prevent premature wear and tear on brake components, extending their lifespan and saving you money on repairs.
- Legal Compliance: Many jurisdictions have regulations regarding brake performance. Proper adjustment helps ensure you meet these legal requirements.
The Adjustment Process: A Step-by-Step Guide
Before you begin, gather the necessary tools:
- Jack and jack stands
- Wheel chocks
- Brake adjustment tool (also known as a “spoon”)
- Screwdriver (flathead)
- Gloves
- Eye protection
Step 1: Safety First
- Park the trailer on a level surface and engage the parking brake on your tow vehicle.
- Chock the wheels on the opposite side of the trailer that you are working on. This is crucial to prevent the trailer from rolling.
- Using a jack, raise the trailer axle until the tire is off the ground.
- Securely support the trailer with jack stands. Never work under a trailer supported only by a jack.
Step 2: Inspect the Brakes
- Remove the wheel and tire assembly.
- Inspect the brake drum for cracks, scoring, or other damage. If the drum is severely damaged, it should be replaced.
- Check the brake shoes for wear. If they are worn down to the rivets or have uneven wear, they should be replaced.
- Inspect the brake magnet for wear. A worn magnet can significantly reduce braking performance.
- Look for any signs of brake fluid leaks (if your trailer has hydraulic over electric brakes). Repair any leaks immediately.
Step 3: Adjusting the Brakes
- Locate the adjustment slot on the backing plate. It’s usually covered by a rubber plug.
- Remove the rubber plug to expose the star wheel adjuster.
- Insert the brake adjustment tool into the slot and engage the star wheel.
- Using the tool, turn the star wheel to expand the brake shoes until they make contact with the drum. You should hear a slight dragging sound as you rotate the drum. This process is called “tightening” the brakes.
- Now, “back off” the star wheel, turning it in the opposite direction, until the dragging sound disappears and the wheel rotates freely. You should usually back off 8-12 clicks.
- Replace the rubber plug.
Step 4: Repeat for All Brakes
Repeat steps 1-3 for each brake on the trailer. It is important to adjust all brakes equally for even braking.
Step 5: Testing the Brakes
- Lower the trailer and remove the jack stands.
- Torque the lug nuts to the manufacturer’s specification.
- Take the trailer for a test drive in a safe, open area.
- Use the manual brake controller lever in your tow vehicle to apply the trailer brakes independently. You should feel smooth, even braking.
- Gradually increase the brake controller setting to find the optimal braking force.
- Listen for any unusual noises, such as squealing or grinding, which could indicate a problem.
Step 6: Fine-Tuning (If Necessary)
If the brakes are still not performing as expected, you may need to repeat the adjustment process or consult a qualified technician.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Gooseneck Trailer Brake Adjustment
FAQ 1: How often should I adjust my gooseneck trailer brakes?
You should adjust your trailer brakes at least once a year, or more frequently if you tow regularly or in demanding conditions. Listen for any changes in braking performance that might indicate an issue.
FAQ 2: What is the best way to tell if my trailer brakes need adjusting?
Signs your trailer brakes need adjustment include: increased stopping distance, uneven braking, pulling to one side during braking, and a low or spongy brake controller lever.
FAQ 3: Can I adjust my trailer brakes myself, or should I take it to a professional?
If you are comfortable working on vehicles and have a basic understanding of braking systems, you can adjust your trailer brakes yourself. However, if you are unsure or uncomfortable, it is best to take it to a qualified technician. Safety is paramount.
FAQ 4: What is the correct brake controller setting for my gooseneck trailer?
The optimal brake controller setting will vary depending on the weight of your trailer and the road conditions. Start with a low setting and gradually increase it until you achieve smooth, even braking without the trailer locking up its wheels. Refer to your brake controller’s manual for specific guidance.
FAQ 5: What do I do if the star wheel adjuster is frozen or difficult to turn?
If the star wheel adjuster is frozen, you can try spraying it with penetrating oil and letting it soak for a while. You may also need to use a hammer and punch to gently tap the adjuster loose. If it’s severely corroded, it may need to be replaced.
FAQ 6: How do I know if my brake magnets are worn out?
Worn brake magnets will exhibit reduced braking force. Visually inspect them for wear; excessive thinning of the magnet surface is a clear indicator. Using an ohmmeter to test the magnet’s resistance can also reveal if it’s functioning within specifications. Compare the reading to the manufacturer’s specifications.
FAQ 7: What are self-adjusting brakes, and do they eliminate the need for manual adjustment?
Self-adjusting brakes automatically adjust the brake shoes as they wear. However, even self-adjusting brakes should be inspected periodically and may require manual adjustment if the self-adjusting mechanism is not functioning properly. Never assume they are always working perfectly.
FAQ 8: Can I use regular car brakes on my gooseneck trailer?
No, you cannot use regular car brakes on your gooseneck trailer. Trailers require specifically designed electric or hydraulic brakes that are capable of handling the added weight and stress.
FAQ 9: What should I do if I smell burning coming from my trailer wheels after towing?
Burning smells can indicate overheated brakes. Pull over to a safe location and allow the brakes to cool down. Inspect the brakes for signs of dragging or binding. Overheating can severely damage brake components.
FAQ 10: What is the difference between electric brakes and hydraulic brakes on a gooseneck trailer?
Electric brakes are activated by an electrical signal from the tow vehicle, while hydraulic brakes use hydraulic pressure. Hydraulic brakes are typically found on heavier trailers and often provide more stopping power. Electric brakes are more common on lighter to medium-duty gooseneck trailers.
FAQ 11: What type of grease should I use on the brake components?
Avoid getting grease on the brake shoes or drums. If you are lubricating any brake components, use a high-temperature brake grease specifically designed for this purpose.
FAQ 12: Where can I find replacement parts for my gooseneck trailer brakes?
Replacement parts for gooseneck trailer brakes can be found at most auto parts stores, trailer supply stores, and online retailers. Be sure to purchase parts that are compatible with your trailer’s make and model.