The short answer: The number of cubic yards a dump trailer holds varies significantly, ranging from 2 cubic yards for small, residential-grade trailers to over 20 cubic yards for larger, commercial models. This capacity depends on the trailer’s dimensions – length, width, and height of the sides – and whether it’s rated for level or heaped loading.
Understanding dump trailer capacity is crucial for homeowners, contractors, and anyone needing to haul materials like dirt, gravel, demolition debris, or landscaping supplies. Choosing the right size trailer ensures efficient hauling, saves time, and prevents overloading, which can be dangerous and illegal.
Understanding Dump Trailer Capacity
Before diving into specific sizes, it’s essential to understand the terms used to describe dump trailer capacity. The most common term is cubic yards, which measures volume.
Calculating Cubic Yardage
The basic formula for calculating cubic yardage is:
Length (feet) x Width (feet) x Height (feet) / 27 = Cubic Yards
For example, a trailer that is 10 feet long, 6 feet wide, and 3 feet high would have a capacity of (10 x 6 x 3) / 27 = 6.67 cubic yards. This calculation assumes a rectangular or square bed.
Level vs. Heaped Capacity
It’s vital to distinguish between level capacity and heaped capacity. Level capacity refers to the volume of material that can be contained within the trailer’s sides, filled to the top edge. Heaped capacity includes the additional material that can be piled above the sides, forming a mound. Manufacturers often provide both figures, but it’s essential to understand which they’re quoting, as heaped capacity can significantly inflate the perceived size of the trailer. Always verify if the stated capacity is level or heaped before making a purchase or rental decision.
Common Dump Trailer Sizes and Capacities
Dump trailers come in a wide range of sizes, each suitable for different tasks. Here’s an overview of some common sizes and their approximate capacities:
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Small Dump Trailers (5×8, 6×10): These trailers typically range from 2 to 4 cubic yards in level capacity. They’re ideal for homeowners and small landscaping projects.
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Medium Dump Trailers (7×12, 7×14): These trailers offer a greater capacity, usually between 5 to 8 cubic yards. They are suitable for larger landscaping projects, small demolition jobs, and light construction work.
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Large Dump Trailers (7×16, 8×16, 8×18): These trailers can handle substantial loads, with capacities ranging from 10 to 14 cubic yards or more. They are commonly used in construction, demolition, and commercial landscaping.
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Extra-Large Dump Trailers (8×20, 8×22): These trailers are designed for heavy-duty applications and can hold 15 cubic yards or more. They are suitable for large-scale construction and demolition projects.
It’s important to note that these are just general guidelines. Specific models may vary in capacity based on manufacturer design and construction. Always consult the manufacturer’s specifications for the most accurate information.
Factors Influencing Dump Trailer Capacity
Several factors influence the actual amount of material a dump trailer can hold and safely transport:
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Side Wall Height: Taller side walls increase the trailer’s cubic yardage capacity.
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Trailer Length and Width: Longer and wider trailers naturally have a larger volume.
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Material Density: Heavier materials like wet soil or concrete will reduce the amount you can legally haul, even if the trailer has the cubic yardage capacity. Weight limits are often more restrictive than volume limits.
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Axle Rating: The axle rating dictates the maximum weight the trailer can safely carry. Exceeding the axle rating is dangerous and can damage the trailer, tow vehicle, and road.
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Legal Weight Limits: Federal and state laws impose limits on the maximum weight a vehicle and trailer combination can carry. These limits vary by jurisdiction, so it’s crucial to be aware of local regulations.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Dump Trailers
Here are twelve frequently asked questions concerning dump trailers, designed to enhance your knowledge and assist you in making informed decisions:
1. How do I determine the specific cubic yard capacity of a dump trailer?
The most reliable method is to consult the manufacturer’s specifications. These specifications are usually found in the trailer’s owner’s manual or on the manufacturer’s website. If you can’t find this information, you can measure the interior dimensions of the trailer (length, width, and height of the sides) and use the cubic yardage formula mentioned earlier.
2. What happens if I overload my dump trailer?
Overloading a dump trailer is dangerous and illegal. It can lead to:
- Damage to the trailer’s axles, suspension, and frame.
- Reduced braking performance.
- Increased risk of tire blowouts.
- Loss of control of the tow vehicle.
- Fines and penalties from law enforcement.
Always stay within the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of the trailer.
3. Can I haul gravel or dirt with any dump trailer?
While most dump trailers can haul gravel or dirt, it’s crucial to consider the weight and density of these materials. Gravel and dirt are relatively heavy, so you might not be able to fill the trailer to its full cubic yard capacity without exceeding the GVWR. Always weigh the load before transporting it.
4. What’s the difference between a single-axle and a tandem-axle dump trailer?
Single-axle dump trailers are typically smaller and have a lower weight capacity. They are suitable for lighter loads and occasional use. Tandem-axle dump trailers have two axles, which distribute the weight more evenly, allowing for heavier loads and greater stability. They are better suited for frequent use and heavier materials.
5. How important is the dump angle of a dump trailer?
The dump angle determines how effectively the trailer can unload its contents. A higher dump angle ensures that materials slide out cleanly and completely. A lower dump angle may require manual assistance to empty the trailer.
6. What is the ideal bed material for a dump trailer?
Common bed materials include steel and aluminum. Steel beds are more durable and can withstand heavier loads, but they are also heavier and more prone to rust. Aluminum beds are lighter and rust-resistant, but they are generally less durable than steel.
7. What kind of maintenance is required for a dump trailer?
Regular maintenance is essential to keep your dump trailer in good working condition. This includes:
- Checking and lubricating wheel bearings.
- Inspecting and maintaining the brakes.
- Checking tire pressure and condition.
- Inspecting the hydraulic system (if applicable).
- Cleaning the trailer bed to prevent rust and corrosion.
- Greasing moving parts.
8. Are there different types of dump trailer hitches?
Yes, common types include ball hitches, pintle hitches, and gooseneck hitches. The type of hitch depends on the size and weight capacity of the trailer and the tow vehicle. Make sure the hitch is properly rated for the trailer’s GVWR.
9. What safety features should I look for in a dump trailer?
Important safety features include:
- Electric brakes or hydraulic brakes.
- Breakaway brake system.
- Safety chains.
- Reflective tape and lights.
- Properly sized tires.
10. Is it better to buy or rent a dump trailer?
The decision to buy or rent depends on your needs and usage frequency. If you only need a dump trailer occasionally, renting is likely the more cost-effective option. If you use a dump trailer frequently, buying may be a better long-term investment.
11. How much does a dump trailer typically cost?
The cost of a dump trailer varies depending on its size, features, and brand. Small, basic dump trailers can cost a few thousand dollars, while larger, more sophisticated models can cost tens of thousands of dollars.
12. Where can I find a reputable dealer for dump trailers?
Look for dealers with a strong reputation, positive customer reviews, and a wide selection of trailers. Check online reviews and ask for recommendations from other contractors or homeowners. Look for dealers who offer financing options and service after the sale.
By understanding the factors that influence dump trailer capacity and asking the right questions, you can ensure that you choose the right trailer for your needs and operate it safely and efficiently. Always prioritize safety and adhere to all applicable laws and regulations.