Trailer sway, also known as fishtailing, is a frightening and potentially dangerous phenomenon where a trailer oscillates uncontrollably behind a towing vehicle. The immediate and correct response to trailer sway involves releasing the throttle gradually and manually activating the trailer brake, if equipped, to bring the trailer back into alignment and regain control.
Understanding and Addressing Trailer Sway
Trailer sway is a serious issue that can quickly escalate into a loss of control. Understanding its causes and knowing how to react effectively is crucial for safe towing. The information often found in quick online searches like “how do you correct trailer sway quizlet” provides a basic understanding, but a deeper dive is necessary for practical application and preventative measures.
The Dangers of Trailer Sway
The dangers associated with uncontrolled trailer sway are significant:
- Loss of Control: The most immediate danger is losing control of both the towing vehicle and the trailer. This can lead to veering off the road, collisions with other vehicles, or even rollovers.
- Vehicle Damage: Severe sway can cause damage to the towing vehicle, the trailer, and their connecting components.
- Personal Injury or Fatality: In the worst-case scenario, trailer sway can result in serious injuries or fatalities for the occupants of the towing vehicle and other road users.
- Emotional Distress: Even a near-miss can be a traumatic experience, causing anxiety and fear when towing in the future.
Immediate Actions to Take
When trailer sway occurs, the correct responses are critical:
- Release the Throttle: The first and most important action is to immediately release the accelerator pedal. Avoid stomping on the brakes of the towing vehicle, as this can exacerbate the sway.
- Manually Activate the Trailer Brake: If your trailer is equipped with electric brakes and a manual override, gently and smoothly apply the trailer brakes. This helps to pull the trailer straight and counteract the sway. Do not slam on the trailer brakes. A controlled application is crucial.
- Steer Straight and Avoid Overcorrection: Hold the steering wheel firmly and steer straight. Avoid making any sudden or drastic steering corrections. Small adjustments may be necessary, but overcorrecting can make the situation worse.
- Allow the Speed to Decrease Gradually: Once the sway begins to subside, allow the vehicle to slow down gradually. Use the towing vehicle’s brakes sparingly and only when necessary.
- Find a Safe Place to Stop: Once you have regained control, pull over to a safe location as soon as possible to assess the situation and identify the potential cause of the sway.
Preventing Trailer Sway: Proactive Measures
While knowing how to react to trailer sway is essential, prevention is always the best strategy.
Proper Weight Distribution
- Load Distribution: Ensure that approximately 60% of the trailer’s weight is located forward of the axle(s). This places the center of gravity further forward, which helps to stabilize the trailer.
- Avoid Overloading: Never exceed the trailer’s Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) or the towing vehicle’s towing capacity. Overloading can significantly increase the risk of sway.
- Secure the Load: Properly secure all items inside the trailer to prevent them from shifting during travel. Shifting cargo can alter the weight distribution and contribute to sway.
Choosing the Right Equipment
- Trailer Hitch: Use a trailer hitch that is rated for the weight of your trailer. Ensure that the hitch is properly installed and securely attached to the towing vehicle.
- Sway Control Devices: Consider using a sway control device, such as a friction sway control bar or a weight distribution hitch with integrated sway control. These devices help to dampen sway and improve towing stability.
- Tires: Ensure that both the towing vehicle and the trailer tires are in good condition and properly inflated to the recommended pressure. Underinflated tires can contribute to sway.
- Electric Brakes: Electric brakes are highly recommended, particularly for heavier trailers. Ensure they are functioning correctly and adjusted appropriately.
Driving Practices
- Speed: Avoid exceeding the posted speed limit and drive at a safe speed appropriate for the road conditions and the type of trailer you are towing. Higher speeds increase the risk of sway.
- Weather Conditions: Be extra cautious when towing in windy conditions or during heavy rain. Wind gusts can significantly increase the likelihood of sway. Reduce speed and maintain a safe following distance.
- Following Distance: Maintain a greater following distance than you would when driving without a trailer. This provides more time to react to unexpected events.
- Be Aware of “Bow Wave” Effect: Be especially cautious when being passed by large trucks or buses. The “bow wave” they create can push the trailer, potentially initiating sway.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Here are some frequently asked questions about trailer sway and its correction:
FAQ 1: What causes trailer sway in the first place?
Trailer sway is primarily caused by external forces acting on the trailer, such as crosswinds, sudden maneuvers, uneven road surfaces, or the “bow wave” created by passing vehicles. Improper weight distribution, inadequate hitch setup, and excessive speed can exacerbate these effects.
FAQ 2: Can I use my towing vehicle’s brakes to stop trailer sway?
While you can use the towing vehicle’s brakes, avoid slamming on them. Hard braking can lock up the wheels and worsen the sway. The initial response should be to release the accelerator and gently apply the trailer brakes, if equipped.
FAQ 3: What is a weight distribution hitch and how does it help prevent sway?
A weight distribution hitch redistributes the weight of the trailer evenly between the axles of the towing vehicle and the trailer. This helps to level the towing vehicle, improving handling and stability. Many weight distribution hitches also include sway control features.
FAQ 4: Are sway control devices really necessary?
Sway control devices are highly recommended, especially for larger trailers and/or frequent towing. They provide an extra layer of safety by dampening the effects of sway and improving overall towing stability.
FAQ 5: How often should I check my trailer’s tires and brakes?
You should check your trailer tires and brakes before each trip. Inspect the tires for wear and damage and ensure they are properly inflated. Test the brakes to ensure they are functioning correctly.
FAQ 6: What speed should I be towing at?
The appropriate towing speed depends on various factors, including the road conditions, the type of trailer you are towing, and the posted speed limit. However, it’s generally recommended to tow at a lower speed than you would when driving without a trailer. Always prioritize safety over speed.
FAQ 7: Can bad weather cause trailer sway?
Yes, bad weather, particularly strong crosswinds and heavy rain, can significantly increase the risk of trailer sway. Reduce speed and exercise extra caution when towing in adverse weather conditions.
FAQ 8: What should I do if I experience trailer sway while going downhill?
If trailer sway occurs while going downhill, resist the urge to brake sharply. Release the accelerator, gently apply the trailer brakes, and steer straight. Use the towing vehicle’s brakes sparingly to maintain a safe speed.
FAQ 9: Is it safe to tow a trailer if it’s raining?
It is generally safe to tow a trailer if it is raining, but exercise extreme caution. Reduce speed, increase following distance, and be prepared for sudden gusts of wind or hydroplaning.
FAQ 10: What should I do after experiencing trailer sway?
After experiencing trailer sway, pull over to a safe location and inspect your equipment. Check the weight distribution, tire pressure, hitch connection, and sway control devices. Identify the potential cause of the sway and take corrective action before continuing your journey.
FAQ 11: My trailer doesn’t have electric brakes. What are my options?
If your trailer doesn’t have electric brakes, consider installing them, especially if the trailer is heavy. If installation isn’t feasible, ensure the trailer is significantly lighter than the towing vehicle and adhere to lower speed limits. Surge brakes are another option, though less effective than electric brakes for sway control.
FAQ 12: Can I get specific training on towing a trailer safely?
Yes, absolutely. Many driving schools and RV dealerships offer specialized training courses on safe towing techniques. These courses can provide valuable hands-on experience and instruction on proper weight distribution, hitch setup, and sway control. Investing in such training can significantly improve your towing safety and confidence.