The core difference between 120 and 620 film lies in the spool design. While both are medium format films, the 620 film uses a thinner, all-metal spool that was initially designed to fit into cameras with smaller film compartments.
A Deep Dive into Medium Format Film
Medium format photography occupies a unique niche between the smaller 35mm and larger large format film. It offers a superior image quality and resolution compared to 35mm, making it popular amongst professionals and enthusiasts seeking a distinctive look. Within this realm, 120 and 620 film formats hold their own distinct places in photographic history.
Understanding the 120 Film Standard
120 film is arguably the most prevalent medium format film available today. Introduced by Kodak in 1901 for their Brownie No. 2 camera, it has endured the test of time and remains a staple for many photographers. Its key characteristic is its larger spool, typically made of plastic or metal with a larger flange diameter. This robust design offers stability and ease of handling, and many modern medium format cameras are explicitly designed to accommodate 120 film.
The Legacy of 620 Film
620 film is essentially 120 film respooled onto a smaller, all-metal spool. Kodak introduced it in the 1930s primarily to facilitate the creation of smaller and more compact cameras. The thinner metal spool allowed camera manufacturers to design bodies with reduced film compartment sizes. Although 620 film itself is no longer manufactured, the format lives on through the practice of respooling 120 film onto vintage 620 spools.
Identifying the Critical Differences: Spool Size and Material
The primary visual distinction is the spool size. 620 spools are noticeably smaller in diameter than 120 spools. This size difference is primarily due to the difference in the spool flange size and material.
- 120 Spools: Generally larger diameter flange, often made of plastic but also available in metal.
- 620 Spools: Smaller diameter flange, always made of metal.
This difference in spool size and material directly impacts compatibility with different camera models. Attempting to force a 120 spool into a camera designed for 620 can damage the camera, the film, or both.
Bridging the Gap: Respooling 120 Film
The scarcity of readily available 620 film has led to the practice of respooling. This process involves carefully unspooling 120 film in a darkroom or changing bag and winding it onto an empty 620 spool. This allows photographers to continue using their vintage cameras that were originally designed for 620 film. The respooling process demands patience and care to avoid light leaks or damage to the film. It is important to ensure the process is completed in complete darkness to prevent fogging the film.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Here are some common questions and answers related to 120 and 620 film:
FAQ 1: Can I use 120 film in a 620 camera?
Generally, no. The larger spool of 120 film will typically not fit into the smaller film chamber of a camera designed for 620 film. Forcing it could damage the camera.
FAQ 2: Is 620 film still being manufactured?
No. Kodak discontinued the production of 620 film many years ago. Your best option is to respool 120 film onto 620 spools.
FAQ 3: Where can I find empty 620 spools?
Empty 620 spools can often be found on online auction sites, vintage camera stores, and from photographers who have already shot 620 film. It’s wise to accumulate a few spares for respooling.
FAQ 4: Is respooling film difficult?
Respooling requires practice and a completely dark environment (darkroom or changing bag). With the right tools and a careful approach, it’s a manageable task. Numerous online tutorials can guide you through the process.
FAQ 5: Can I modify my camera to accept 120 film?
In some cases, yes, with modification. However, this depends on the camera model and your comfort level with potentially altering your camera. This can involve filing down parts of the film chamber to accommodate the wider 120 spool. Consult a camera repair specialist before attempting any modifications.
FAQ 6: Are there any advantages to using 620 film (after respooling)?
The advantage lies in using a camera originally designed for 620 film. If you want to shoot with a specific vintage camera, respooling is often the only viable option.
FAQ 7: What kind of film stocks are available in 120 format?
A wide variety of film stocks are available in 120 format, including black and white, color negative, and color slide films from brands like Kodak, Ilford, Fujifilm, and others.
FAQ 8: Will respooling affect the image quality?
No, respooling itself will not affect image quality, provided it’s done carefully in complete darkness. However, scratches or dust introduced during the process can affect the final image.
FAQ 9: How do I know if my camera uses 120 or 620 film?
Consult your camera’s manual. If you don’t have the manual, search online for the camera model. Resources like Camera-wiki.org are invaluable for identifying film format requirements. The presence of a film take-up spool made entirely of metal typically suggests 620.
FAQ 10: Can a professional lab process respooled 620 film?
Yes, most professional labs are accustomed to processing respooled 620 film. It’s always a good idea to inform the lab that the film has been respooled, to ensure they handle it with care. They will return the respooled 620 spool with your processed negatives.
FAQ 11: Are there adapters to allow 120 film to fit in a 620 camera?
Some adapters exist, but their effectiveness varies. They are essentially sleeves that take up the space around a 120 spool, allowing it to fit into the 620 chamber. Research compatibility and reviews before purchasing.
FAQ 12: Is it possible to 3D print 620 spools?
Yes, it is possible. Numerous 3D printing designs are available online for 620 spools. However, ensuring the dimensional accuracy and durability of the printed spool is crucial for reliable performance in your camera. Consider using a high-quality, heat-resistant filament for better results.
Conclusion: Preserving Photographic History
While 620 film is no longer produced, its legacy lives on through the dedication of photographers who embrace the practice of respooling. Understanding the distinction between 120 and 620 film, and the art of respooling, allows us to appreciate and continue using the beautiful vintage cameras that capture a unique perspective on the world. By adapting and innovating, we can ensure that these pieces of photographic history continue to create stunning images for years to come.