The black mesh you commonly see on film sets is primarily netting or scrim used to control light, reduce reflections, and create diffusion. Specifically designed for the demanding conditions of filmmaking, these materials come in various densities and textures, each serving a crucial role in shaping the visual narrative.
The Power of Controlled Light: Understanding Black Netting’s Function
Filmmaking is, at its core, about controlling light. The black netting, more formally known by various names depending on its specific function and weave, is a fundamental tool in achieving this control. Its versatility allows filmmakers to sculpt and shape light in ways that enhance the visual storytelling. The material’s darkness ensures it absorbs unwanted light, preventing reflections and spill that can muddy a shot. It allows the director of photography (DP) or gaffer to precisely manage the intensity, direction, and quality of light, creating the desired mood and atmosphere.
Types of Black Netting and Their Applications
There are several types of black netting used on film sets, each with unique characteristics and purposes:
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Scrims: Typically made of woven fabric, scrims are used to reduce the intensity of light hitting a subject or scene. They come in different densities, often referred to as “single,” “double,” or “silk,” each reducing the light by a specific number of stops. A stop refers to a halving or doubling of light intensity.
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Nets: These are similar to scrims but often have a more open weave, resulting in a less uniform diffusion. Nets are frequently used to break up harsh light or create subtle shadows.
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Cinefoil (Blackwrap): While not technically netting, cinefoil is a matte black aluminum foil used extensively to shape light. It can be molded to create flags, cutters, or snoots, blocking light from specific areas.
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Duvetyne: A heavy, opaque black fabric used to block light completely. It’s often used to create backgrounds, cover windows, or build makeshift tents for controlled lighting.
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Commando Cloth: A lightweight, opaque black fabric similar to duvetyne, but more portable and easier to work with.
The choice of netting depends on the specific lighting situation and the desired effect. A subtle reduction in light might call for a single scrim, while a more dramatic effect might require a combination of scrims, nets, and cinefoil.
Benefits of Using Black Netting
The use of black netting offers several benefits to filmmakers:
- Precise Light Control: Allows for fine-tuning of light intensity and direction.
- Reduced Reflections: Prevents unwanted reflections that can distract the viewer.
- Diffusion: Creates softer, more flattering light by scattering the light rays.
- Enhanced Contrast: Allows for the creation of dramatic contrasts between light and shadow.
- Improved Image Quality: Contributes to cleaner, more professional-looking footage.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Why not just turn down the lights instead of using netting?
While dimming lights is an option, it often affects the color temperature and quality of the light. Using netting allows you to reduce the light intensity without compromising these crucial aspects. Also, sometimes you need a light source to be at a specific intensity for certain effects, and netting allows that while still controlling the overall illumination on the subject.
2. What is the difference between a single scrim and a double scrim?
A single scrim reduces the light intensity by approximately one-half stop (roughly 50%), while a double scrim reduces it by approximately one full stop. Therefore, a double scrim blocks twice as much light as a single.
3. How is black netting attached to lighting equipment?
Black netting, especially scrims and nets, are typically attached to lighting equipment using frames or clamps. These frames are designed to hold the netting securely in front of the light source. Grip equipment like C-stands and articulating arms are used to position the frames.
4. Is black netting only used in studio settings?
No, black netting is used both in studio and on-location settings. Its portability and versatility make it an essential tool for filmmakers regardless of the shooting environment.
5. Can I use black netting to block sunlight?
Yes, heavier black netting, like duvetyne, can be used to block sunlight from windows or other openings. However, it is important to use appropriately rated and securely fastened equipment, considering the wind and potential damage.
6. What is “silk” in the context of black netting?
“Silk” refers to a type of diffusion material, typically white or slightly off-white, used to soften light. While not black netting itself, it’s often used in conjunction with black netting to further control the quality of light. However, “silk” can also be used in a similar way as scrims, though providing a more diffused effect alongside reduction.
7. How do I choose the right density of netting for my shot?
The choice depends on the desired effect and the specific lighting situation. Start with a lighter density and gradually increase it until you achieve the desired level of light reduction and diffusion. Experimentation and experience are key.
8. Is there a difference between black netting and a black flag?
Yes, a black flag is a solid piece of material, usually duvetyne or blackwrap, used to completely block light from a specific area. Black netting, on the other hand, reduces and diffuses light. They serve different purposes in shaping light.
9. How do I care for and store black netting?
Most black netting materials should be stored in a dry, clean environment. Avoid folding them tightly, as this can cause creases. Gently roll them up or hang them on a rack when not in use. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning, as some materials may require special care.
10. Can I make my own black netting?
While technically possible, it’s generally recommended to purchase professional-grade black netting. These materials are designed for the specific needs of filmmaking and are more durable, consistent, and effective than homemade solutions. Consistency in weave and density is critical for reliable results.
11. What are some alternatives to black netting?
Alternatives include using reflectors to redirect light away from the subject, using negative fill (a black surface to absorb light), or adjusting the position of the light source. However, black netting offers a more precise and controlled approach to light shaping.
12. Does the type of light (LED, tungsten, HMI) affect how I use black netting?
Yes. Different light sources have varying color temperatures and intensities. While black netting will generally reduce light intensity across all sources, the specific effect on color temperature and the resulting look may vary. It’s important to test and observe how the netting interacts with each type of light source to achieve the desired result. Higher powered lights will require more durable netting to withstand the heat.
By understanding the various types, applications, and benefits of black netting, filmmakers can leverage this versatile tool to create visually stunning and impactful images.