The Hitchcock film that opens with a performance by Mr. Memory is none other than the classic 1935 thriller, The 39 Steps. This opening scene establishes a lighthearted, almost comedic, tone before quickly plunging into a world of espionage and intrigue.
A Night at the London Palladium
The film begins not in a dimly lit alley or a shadowy mansion, but amidst the bustling energy of the London Palladium. Richard Hannay, played by Robert Donat, is seeking refuge from the dreary rain and perhaps a little amusement. This is where we encounter Mr. Memory, a stage performer who claims to have an encyclopedic knowledge of just about everything.
Mr. Memory’s Act
Mr. Memory’s act is straightforward: audience members shout out questions, and he instantly provides the answers. He’s a human computer, a walking, talking database of trivia. This seems harmless enough, but Hitchcock masterfully uses this seemingly innocent scene to introduce the themes of misinformation, secrets, and the burden of knowledge that permeate the entire film. The very act of questioning and answering foreshadows the relentless pursuit of information that Hannay will soon undertake.
The Spark of Intrigue: A Mysterious Encounter
It’s not just Mr. Memory’s performance that ignites the plot. Hannay’s encounter with a mysterious woman, Annabella Smith, shortly after leaving the Palladium, seals his fate. She claims to be a secret agent on the run from assassins and, desperate, seeks Hannay’s protection. Their conversation, brimming with cryptic phrases and veiled threats, quickly establishes the high stakes of the game.
Annabella’s Warning and the “39 Steps”
Annabella’s warning about the “39 Steps” – the cryptic name of a dangerous organization – becomes the central driving force of the film. She imparts vital, albeit fragmented, information to Hannay, setting him off on a desperate chase across Scotland. Her subsequent murder in Hannay’s flat frames him for the crime, forcing him to flee and clear his name while simultaneously unraveling the mystery of the “39 Steps.”
Why The 39 Steps is a Masterpiece
The 39 Steps isn’t just a thrilling chase; it’s a carefully constructed exploration of identity, trust, and the nature of reality. Hannay, an ordinary man, is thrust into extraordinary circumstances, forced to adapt and survive in a world where appearances are deceiving and danger lurks around every corner.
Hitchcock’s Signature Style
The film showcases many of Hitchcock’s signature techniques, including:
- The MacGuffin: The “39 Steps” themselves are a classic MacGuffin – an object or goal that drives the plot but is ultimately less important than the characters and their journey.
- The Wrong Man: Hannay is the archetypal “wrong man,” wrongly accused and forced to prove his innocence.
- Suspense through Misdirection: Hitchcock expertly manipulates the audience’s expectations, creating suspense through clever editing, camera angles, and plot twists.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About The 39 Steps
Here are some frequently asked questions to further illuminate the significance of The 39 Steps and its opening scene:
What exactly is a MacGuffin?
The MacGuffin is a plot device that motivates the characters and advances the story, but its specific nature is ultimately irrelevant. It’s a “thing” that everyone wants, but what it is doesn’t matter to the audience. It’s a red herring that keeps the plot moving.
Who played Mr. Memory in The 39 Steps?
Wharton Esherick played the role of Mr. Memory. While not a household name, his performance is memorable for its quirky charm and pivotal role in setting the film’s plot in motion.
What is the significance of the title, The 39 Steps?
The title refers to the name of a spy organization, but the actual “steps” themselves are never fully explained in the film. They serve more as a symbol of the clandestine activities and the complex web of deceit that Hannay must navigate.
How does Hitchcock use humor in The 39 Steps?
Hitchcock uses humor strategically throughout the film to relieve tension and create contrast. The opening scene with Mr. Memory is inherently comedic, but even in the more suspenseful moments, there are touches of wit and irony that make the film more engaging and memorable.
What is the “wrong man” trope, and how is it used in The 39 Steps?
The “wrong man” trope is a common Hitchcockian theme where an ordinary individual is wrongly accused of a crime and must go on the run to clear their name. This creates a sense of vulnerability and suspense as the audience identifies with the protagonist’s plight. Hannay perfectly embodies this trope.
How faithful is The 39 Steps to the John Buchan novel of the same name?
While the film is based on John Buchan’s novel, Hitchcock took considerable liberties with the plot and characters. He simplified the story and added elements of romance and humor that are less prominent in the book.
Where was The 39 Steps filmed?
The 39 Steps was primarily filmed on location in Scotland and at Gainsborough Studios in London. The Scottish landscapes play a crucial role in creating a sense of vastness and isolation, contributing to the film’s overall atmosphere of suspense.
What are some other examples of Hitchcock using a performance or show in the opening of his films?
Hitchcock often used opening scenes that involve performances or social gatherings to establish a sense of normalcy before disrupting it with suspense. Examples include Sabotage (1936) and To Catch a Thief (1955), where social events quickly unravel into chaos and intrigue.
Why is The 39 Steps considered one of Hitchcock’s best films?
The 39 Steps is considered a masterpiece because of its tight plotting, suspenseful atmosphere, memorable characters, and skillful use of cinematic techniques. It’s a perfect example of Hitchcock’s ability to blend suspense, humor, and romance into a thoroughly entertaining and thought-provoking film.
What is the significance of Annabella Smith’s character?
Annabella Smith serves as the catalyst for the entire plot. Her warning and subsequent murder thrust Hannay into the world of espionage and set him on his journey to uncover the truth. She also embodies the theme of duplicity and the difficulty of trusting anyone in a world of secrets.
What does Mr. Memory ultimately know about the “39 Steps”?
Without giving too much away, Mr. Memory holds the key to unlocking the mystery of the “39 Steps.” He possesses crucial information that Hannay eventually needs to expose the conspirators and clear his name. His seemingly harmless performance becomes a vital piece of the puzzle.
Are there any remakes of The 39 Steps?
Yes, there have been several remakes of The 39 Steps, including versions in 1959 and 1978. However, Hitchcock’s 1935 adaptation remains the most iconic and widely celebrated. The other versions, while offering their own interpretations, often fail to capture the magic and suspense of the original.