Building wood sides for your dump trailer significantly increases its hauling capacity and versatility, allowing you to transport lighter, bulkier materials like mulch, leaves, and even small debris piles with ease. This guide, drawing on years of experience in trailer modification and construction, provides a step-by-step approach to building durable and functional wood sides that will withstand the rigors of regular use.
1. Assessing Your Needs and Planning the Project
Before you even pick up a saw, careful planning is crucial. Consider the type of materials you’ll be hauling most often and the desired height of the sides. Taller sides will increase capacity but also add weight and potentially affect the trailer’s stability, especially when loaded.
1.1 Measuring and Sketching Your Design
Begin by accurately measuring the perimeter of your trailer bed. Note the location of any existing tie-down points, stake pockets, or other obstructions that you’ll need to work around. Create a detailed sketch of your proposed side configuration, including the height, thickness, and number of vertical supports.
1.2 Choosing the Right Materials
Selecting the right wood is paramount to the durability and longevity of your trailer sides. Pressure-treated lumber is highly recommended due to its resistance to rot, insects, and moisture. Consider using 2×6 or 2×8 lumber for the side boards and 4×4 lumber for the vertical supports or “stakes.” For the bed attachment method, consider steel or aluminum brackets, angles, and appropriate hardware. The gauge of the bracket material should be significant enough to withstand the potential stress of your loads. Remember to use exterior-grade screws and bolts to prevent corrosion.
1.3 Tools and Safety Equipment
Gather the necessary tools for the job, including:
- Measuring tape
- Circular saw or miter saw
- Drill and drill bits
- Impact driver (optional but highly recommended)
- Level
- Square
- Safety glasses
- Work gloves
- Hearing protection
Safety is paramount! Always wear appropriate safety gear and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for all power tools.
2. Constructing the Wooden Sides
With your plans in place and materials gathered, it’s time to start building.
2.1 Cutting the Lumber
Carefully cut all of the lumber to the dimensions specified in your plan. Precision is key to ensuring a snug and well-fitting final product. Use a miter saw if available for accurate angle cuts. Double-check all measurements before cutting to avoid costly errors.
2.2 Assembling the Side Panels
Lay out the side boards and vertical supports on a flat surface. Securely fasten the supports to the boards using exterior-grade screws or bolts. Consider using wood glue in addition to the fasteners for added strength. Ensure that the supports are evenly spaced and plumb (perfectly vertical). The placement of supports will greatly depend on the length of the side; too few, and the sides could bow under load.
2.3 Reinforcing the Corners
Reinforcing the corners of the side panels is crucial for preventing racking and ensuring long-term durability. Consider using metal corner braces or triangular wood blocks to strengthen these vulnerable areas. Proper corner bracing will also help prevent leaks of finer materials being hauled.
3. Attaching the Sides to the Trailer Bed
This is arguably the most critical step in the entire process. The method of attachment will depend on the design of your trailer and the availability of stake pockets or other mounting points.
3.1 Utilizing Stake Pockets (If Available)
If your trailer has stake pockets, you can simply slide the vertical supports into the pockets and secure them with bolts or pins. This is the easiest and most common method. Be sure the stakes fit snuggly in the pockets, and add shims as necessary to prevent movement.
3.2 Fabricating Custom Mounting Brackets
If your trailer lacks stake pockets, you’ll need to fabricate custom mounting brackets. These brackets can be made from steel or aluminum and should be securely welded or bolted to the trailer frame. Attach the wood sides to the brackets using bolts and washers. Consider using rubber isolators between the wood and metal to reduce vibration and noise.
3.3 Ensuring a Secure and Stable Connection
Regardless of the attachment method, it’s essential to ensure a secure and stable connection between the wood sides and the trailer bed. Use plenty of fasteners and check the tightness of all connections regularly. Consider adding diagonal bracing to the sides for added stability, especially if you plan on hauling heavy loads.
4. Finishing Touches and Maintenance
With the sides attached, there are a few final steps you can take to improve the appearance and longevity of your project.
4.1 Applying a Protective Coating
Consider applying a coat of exterior-grade sealant or paint to protect the wood from the elements. This will help to prevent rot and extend the life of your sides.
4.2 Regular Inspection and Maintenance
Regularly inspect the sides for signs of damage or wear. Tighten any loose bolts and replace any damaged boards immediately. Proper maintenance will ensure that your wood sides remain functional and safe for years to come.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
FAQ 1: What type of wood is best for dump trailer sides?
Pressure-treated lumber, specifically 2×6 or 2×8, is the ideal choice for dump trailer sides due to its resistance to rot, insects, and moisture. Consider using hardwood like oak or ash for increased durability, but note that these options will be heavier and more expensive.
FAQ 2: How tall should my dump trailer sides be?
The optimal height depends on the types of materials you’ll be hauling. Generally, 12-24 inches is sufficient for most purposes. Higher sides increase capacity but can also affect stability, especially when hauling heavy loads. Consider local regulations regarding maximum trailer height.
FAQ 3: How do I prevent the wood sides from bowing outward under load?
Use adequately sized and spaced vertical supports (stakes). 4×4 lumber is generally recommended for the stakes. Adding horizontal bracing between the stakes and the trailer frame can also provide additional support.
FAQ 4: Can I use plywood instead of solid lumber?
While plywood can be used, it’s generally not as durable as solid lumber. If you choose to use plywood, opt for exterior-grade plywood at least 3/4 inch thick and reinforce it with a sturdy frame. Seal all edges thoroughly to prevent moisture damage.
FAQ 5: What type of fasteners should I use to attach the sides to the trailer?
Use only exterior-grade screws or bolts that are specifically designed for use with treated lumber. These fasteners are corrosion-resistant and will not react negatively with the chemicals in the treated wood.
FAQ 6: How do I protect the wood sides from scratches and dents?
Consider applying a protective coating, such as bed liner material, to the inside of the sides. This will help to prevent scratches and dents and extend the life of your sides.
FAQ 7: What is the best way to secure the wood sides to the trailer frame if I don’t have stake pockets?
Fabricate custom mounting brackets from steel or aluminum and weld or bolt them to the trailer frame. Attach the wood sides to the brackets using bolts and washers. Ensure the brackets are robust enough to withstand the anticipated loads.
FAQ 8: How often should I inspect my wood sides for damage?
Inspect your wood sides at least once a month, or more frequently if you’re using the trailer heavily. Pay close attention to the fasteners and any signs of rot or decay.
FAQ 9: Can I add a gate to my wood sides for easier loading and unloading?
Yes, adding a gate can be a convenient addition. Use heavy-duty hinges and latches to ensure that the gate is secure and can withstand the weight of the materials you’re hauling. Reinforce the gate frame to prevent sagging.
FAQ 10: What are the legal considerations for adding wood sides to my dump trailer?
Check your local regulations regarding trailer height, width, and weight limits. You may need to obtain a permit if your trailer exceeds these limits. Ensure that your trailer lights and reflectors are still visible after adding the sides.
FAQ 11: How do I prevent the wood from rubbing against the trailer frame and causing damage?
Use rubber isolators or strips of weather stripping between the wood and the trailer frame to reduce vibration and prevent wear. This will also help to minimize noise.
FAQ 12: What is the best way to dispose of scrap wood after the project?
Check with your local waste management authority for guidelines on disposing of treated lumber. Many landfills have designated areas for treated wood disposal. Never burn treated lumber, as it can release harmful chemicals into the air.