Yes, you can jack a trailer by the axle, but it’s generally not recommended as the primary method, especially under load or for extensive maintenance. While it may be acceptable in emergency situations with careful execution, jacking the trailer frame is the safer and more stable alternative. This article explores the reasons behind this recommendation, outlines the risks involved, and provides a detailed guide on the safest and most effective jacking practices for your trailer.
The Dangers of Axle Jacking: A Closer Look
Jacking a trailer directly by the axle presents several potential hazards that can compromise your safety and damage your trailer. Understanding these risks is crucial for making informed decisions when you need to lift your trailer.
Potential for Axle Damage
One of the most significant concerns is the potential for bending or damaging the axle. Axles are designed to withstand vertical loads distributed across their length, primarily through the wheels. Concentrating the weight onto a single point in the middle, as happens when jacking, can exceed the axle’s design capacity, leading to permanent deformation or even fracture. This is particularly true for trailers carrying heavy loads or those with already weakened axles due to age or corrosion.
Stability Concerns and Safety Risks
Another critical risk is instability. Jacking by the axle often results in a less secure lifting point compared to the frame. This can lead to the trailer shifting or even slipping off the jack, posing a severe safety risk. The unstable platform increases the likelihood of accidents and injuries, especially if you’re working underneath the trailer.
Suspension System Strain
Jacking directly on the axle also puts undue stress on the suspension system, including springs, leaf springs, and shock absorbers. This added strain can accelerate wear and tear, potentially leading to premature failure of these components. This increased stress isn’t evenly distributed, causing imbalanced pressure and strain on individual components.
Safe Alternatives: Prioritizing Frame Jacking
To avoid the dangers associated with axle jacking, prioritizing frame jacking is always recommended. The trailer frame is designed to support the weight of the trailer and its load, providing a more stable and safer lifting point.
Identifying Suitable Jacking Points on the Frame
Before jacking the trailer frame, locate the manufacturer-recommended jacking points. These are typically reinforced areas designed to withstand the concentrated weight. If you can’t find them, look for solid, reinforced areas of the frame near the wheels. Avoid jacking on thin or weakened sections of the frame.
Using the Right Tools and Equipment
Ensure you have the appropriate jack, jack stands, and wheel chocks before starting. A bottle jack or floor jack with a sufficient weight rating is essential. Always use jack stands for secondary support after lifting the trailer and chock the wheels on the opposite side to prevent movement. A wide base jack stand is important for stability.
Step-by-Step Frame Jacking Procedure
- Prepare the area: Park the trailer on a level surface and engage the parking brake. Chock the wheels opposite the side you’ll be jacking.
- Position the jack: Place the jack under the identified jacking point on the frame. Use a wooden block between the jack and the frame to protect the frame’s surface.
- Raise the trailer: Slowly and steadily raise the trailer to the desired height.
- Secure with jack stands: Immediately place jack stands under the frame near the jacking point, ensuring they are securely positioned.
- Lower the jack: Slowly lower the jack until the trailer’s weight is fully supported by the jack stands.
- Check stability: Give the trailer a gentle shake to ensure it’s stable before working underneath it.
Emergency Situations: When Axle Jacking Might Be Necessary
While frame jacking is preferred, there may be emergency situations where axle jacking is the only viable option, such as when dealing with a flat tire on the roadside. In such cases, extreme caution is crucial.
Precautions for Emergency Axle Jacking
- Choose a level surface: Even more critical than frame jacking, ensuring a level surface is key.
- Position the jack carefully: Place the jack as close to the wheel as possible to minimize stress on the axle.
- Use a thick wooden block: Distribute the weight and protect the axle by using a thick wooden block between the jack and the axle.
- Lift only enough: Lift the trailer only enough to change the tire. Avoid raising it higher than necessary.
- Secure immediately: Once the tire is changed, lower the trailer immediately and check the axle for any signs of damage.
FAQs: Your Questions Answered
1. What kind of jack is best for jacking a trailer?
A bottle jack or floor jack with a weight rating exceeding the trailer’s GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating) is recommended. Ensure the jack has sufficient lifting height to raise the trailer to the desired level. Scissor jacks, sometimes included with trailers, are typically suitable only for changing a tire in an emergency and should be used cautiously.
2. Where exactly on the axle should I place the jack if I have no other option?
If axle jacking is unavoidable, position the jack as close as possible to the wheel you’re working on. This minimizes the bending moment on the axle and reduces the risk of damage.
3. Can I use a standard car jack to lift a trailer?
Generally, no. Standard car jacks are usually not rated for the weight of a trailer. Always use a jack specifically designed and rated for the trailer’s weight. Overloading a car jack can lead to failure and serious injury.
4. What is the purpose of jack stands, and why are they essential?
Jack stands provide secondary support and are crucial for safety. They prevent the trailer from collapsing if the jack fails. Never work under a trailer supported only by a jack.
5. How do I determine the correct weight rating for a jack and jack stands?
The combined weight rating of the jack and jack stands should exceed the trailer’s GVWR. Check the trailer’s VIN plate for the GVWR information. Err on the side of caution and choose equipment with a higher weight rating than required.
6. What should I do if I suspect I’ve damaged the axle while jacking?
If you notice any bending, deformation, or cracks in the axle after jacking, immediately stop using the trailer. Have it inspected by a qualified mechanic for potential repairs or replacement.
7. Can I jack a tandem axle trailer differently than a single axle trailer?
The principle remains the same: frame jacking is preferable. However, with tandem axles, lifting the frame between the axles allows both wheels on that side to be raised simultaneously. Avoid jacking directly on one axle of a tandem axle setup as this can put excessive stress on the suspension equalization system.
8. Are there any specific types of trailers where axle jacking is more dangerous?
Yes. Trailers with complex suspension systems, such as those with torsion axles or independent suspension, are generally more susceptible to damage from axle jacking. Also, very heavy trailers are higher risk.
9. What are wheel chocks, and how do I use them properly?
Wheel chocks are wedges placed against the wheels on the opposite side of the trailer to prevent it from rolling. Place them firmly against the wheels, ensuring they are making solid contact with the ground. Use multiple chocks for added security, especially on sloped surfaces.
10. How often should I inspect my trailer’s axles for damage or wear?
Regular inspections are crucial. Inspect your trailer’s axles for corrosion, bending, cracks, and loose components at least twice a year, and more frequently if you use the trailer heavily.
11. What’s the best way to protect the trailer frame when using a jack?
Always use a wooden block or a rubber pad between the jack and the frame to distribute the weight and prevent damage to the frame’s surface. This helps protect the paint and prevent metal-on-metal contact.
12. Where can I find more specific information about my trailer’s jacking points and weight capacity?
Consult your trailer’s owner’s manual. It should contain detailed information about recommended jacking points, weight capacity, and safe jacking procedures. If you don’t have the manual, contact the trailer manufacturer.
By understanding the risks associated with axle jacking and following safe jacking practices, you can protect yourself, your trailer, and ensure a safe and successful lifting experience. Always prioritize safety and use the appropriate tools and equipment for the job.