A “self-contained” travel trailer is designed to operate independently of external utility hookups for a limited period, offering a degree of freedom and convenience unparalleled by non-self-contained models. This independence primarily stems from onboard systems for fresh water storage, waste water holding, and waste disposal, as well as often including its own power generation or storage.
Understanding Self-Contained RVs: The Core Components
The allure of a self-contained travel trailer lies in its ability to provide basic necessities – water, sanitation, and often electricity – without relying on campground hookups. Let’s explore the essential systems that contribute to this autonomy.
Fresh Water System
A fresh water tank is the heart of the system. Its size varies depending on the trailer model, ranging from 20 gallons in smaller units to over 100 gallons in larger ones. A water pump delivers pressurized water to the faucets, shower, and toilet. Monitoring the water level is crucial, typically achieved through an internal tank monitoring system.
Waste Water System: Gray and Black Tanks
Self-contained RVs feature two types of waste water tanks: gray water and black water. Gray water holds wastewater from sinks and showers, while black water is specifically for toilet waste. Separate tanks ensure proper sanitation. The tanks require periodic emptying at designated dump stations.
Toilet and Shower Facilities
A self-contained toilet uses minimal water for flushing, often employing a gravity-fed or macerator system. The shower is usually compact but provides a convenient way to maintain hygiene on the road. Water heaters, typically propane-powered or electric, supply hot water for showering and washing.
Power System: Batteries and Generators
While shore power is convenient, self-contained trailers often boast a battery system (typically 12-volt) for powering lights, appliances, and the water pump. A generator, either built-in or portable, can recharge the batteries and power air conditioners or other high-demand appliances. Some newer models are integrating solar panels to supplement battery charging and reduce reliance on generators.
Benefits of a Self-Contained Travel Trailer
The advantages of traveling with a self-contained unit are considerable:
- Boondocking/Dry Camping Freedom: Camp in remote locations without hookups, experiencing true wilderness solitude.
- Cost Savings: Avoid expensive campground fees, especially when hookups aren’t needed.
- Convenience: No need to rely on shared campground facilities, offering greater privacy and flexibility.
- Emergency Preparedness: A self-contained RV can be a valuable asset during power outages or natural disasters.
Considerations When Choosing a Self-Contained Trailer
While the benefits are numerous, potential buyers should consider these factors:
- Tank Capacity: Choose a trailer with tank sizes appropriate for your travel style and group size. Larger tanks mean less frequent emptying but also add weight.
- Power Consumption: Assess your energy needs and select a generator or battery system that can adequately support them.
- Maintenance: Self-contained systems require regular maintenance, including tank cleaning, winterization, and equipment servicing.
- Waste Disposal: Plan your trips to include access to dump stations for emptying waste water tanks.
FAQs: Diving Deeper into Self-Contained RVs
FAQ 1: Does a self-contained RV mean it has a bathroom?
Yes, a bathroom with a toilet and shower is a fundamental component of a self-contained travel trailer. This is one of the key defining characteristics that separates them from non-self-contained units.
FAQ 2: How long can I stay off-grid in a self-contained travel trailer?
The duration you can stay off-grid depends on several factors: the size of your fresh water tank, the capacity of your waste water tanks, your water and energy consumption habits, and the efficiency of your power generation system (solar panels, generator). Conservative usage can allow for several days to a week or more, while heavy usage might only last a day or two.
FAQ 3: What happens when my waste tanks are full?
When your waste tanks are full, you need to empty them at a designated dump station. These are commonly found at campgrounds, RV parks, and some gas stations. Proper waste disposal is essential for environmental responsibility and hygiene.
FAQ 4: Can I connect my self-contained RV to city water and sewer?
Yes, absolutely. While designed for independence, self-contained travel trailers are typically equipped with connections for city water and sewer hookups. This allows you to utilize campground amenities when available and replenish your fresh water supply without using your onboard tank.
FAQ 5: Do I need to treat the water in my fresh water tank?
Yes, it’s highly recommended to treat the water in your fresh water tank to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae. You can use RV-specific water tank sanitizers or diluted household bleach, following the manufacturer’s instructions carefully. Regular sanitization helps maintain water quality and prevents unpleasant odors.
FAQ 6: What is the difference between a composting toilet and a regular RV toilet?
A composting toilet is a waterless toilet that decomposes waste using natural processes, separating solids and liquids. It eliminates the need for a black water tank, reducing waste and conserving water. A regular RV toilet uses water to flush waste into a black water tank.
FAQ 7: How do I maintain the batteries in my self-contained RV?
Battery maintenance includes regular cleaning of terminals, checking water levels (for lead-acid batteries), and proper charging. Avoid deep discharging the batteries, and consider using a battery maintainer during periods of storage. Proper battery maintenance prolongs their lifespan and ensures reliable power.
FAQ 8: What size generator do I need for my self-contained travel trailer?
The generator size depends on your power needs. Consider the wattage of appliances you plan to run simultaneously, such as the air conditioner, microwave, and water heater. A 3000-watt generator is often sufficient for smaller travel trailers, while larger units may require a 5000-watt or larger generator. Consult the appliance manufacturer’s specifications for accurate wattage requirements.
FAQ 9: Are all self-contained RVs equipped with solar panels?
No, not all self-contained RVs come standard with solar panels. However, many new models offer solar panel options, and aftermarket solar panel kits are readily available for installation. Solar panels are a great way to supplement battery charging and reduce reliance on generators.
FAQ 10: How do I winterize my self-contained travel trailer?
Winterizing involves draining all water from the plumbing system to prevent freezing and damage. This includes draining the fresh water tank, water heater, and pipes, and adding RV antifreeze to the plumbing lines. Proper winterization is crucial in cold climates to protect your RV from costly repairs.
FAQ 11: What is the difference between a wet bath and a dry bath in a self-contained RV?
A wet bath is a combined toilet and shower compartment where the entire space gets wet during showering. A dry bath separates the shower area from the toilet and sink, preventing the entire bathroom from getting wet. Dry baths are generally more spacious and comfortable.
FAQ 12: Can I add self-contained features to a non-self-contained travel trailer?
Yes, it’s possible to add self-contained features to a non-self-contained travel trailer, but it can be a significant undertaking. This may involve installing a fresh water tank, waste water tanks, a toilet, a shower, a water pump, and a power system. It’s essential to assess the feasibility and cost-effectiveness before proceeding, and consider consulting with an RV professional.