Safely and legally transporting a forklift in a trailer requires careful planning, the right equipment, and strict adherence to safety regulations. Success hinges on securing the load correctly to prevent shifting and ensuring the combined weight complies with trailer and vehicle capacities.
Understanding the Fundamentals
Before even considering loading a forklift onto a trailer, several foundational elements must be addressed. These include understanding weight limitations, choosing the appropriate trailer, and possessing the necessary equipment for safe loading and securement.
Determining Forklift Weight and Dimensions
The first step is to accurately determine the weight and dimensions of the forklift being transported. This information is crucial for selecting a trailer with sufficient capacity and ensuring the load can be safely secured. Consult the forklift’s nameplate or manufacturer’s specifications for accurate details. Never assume the weight; overestimation is always safer than underestimation. The dimensions, especially height, width, and wheelbase, will dictate whether the forklift will fit safely on the trailer and clear any overpasses or other obstructions during transit.
Selecting the Right Trailer
Choosing the appropriate trailer is paramount. Consider the following:
- Capacity: The trailer’s Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) must exceed the combined weight of the forklift and the trailer itself. Failing to adhere to this is not only illegal but also incredibly dangerous.
- Deck Type: A flatbed trailer or a lowboy trailer are generally the preferred options for transporting forklifts. Flatbeds offer versatility, while lowboys provide a lower deck height for taller forklifts, mitigating potential height clearance issues.
- Ramps or Tilt Bed: Trailers equipped with ramps or a tilt bed simplify the loading process significantly. Ramps should be rated to handle the forklift’s weight. Ensure the ramps are securely attached to the trailer before loading.
Essential Equipment for Safe Loading and Securing
Beyond the trailer, several essential pieces of equipment are necessary for safely loading and securing the forklift:
- Heavy-duty Straps or Chains: Use straps or chains with a working load limit (WLL) that exceeds the weight of the forklift. Employ multiple straps or chains to distribute the load and prevent shifting.
- Load Binders (for Chains): Load binders, either ratchet binders or lever binders, are used to tighten chains and securely fasten the forklift to the trailer.
- Wheel Chocks: Wheel chocks are crucial for preventing the forklift from rolling during loading, unloading, and transit.
- Safety Cones and High-Visibility Clothing: These are essential for ensuring the safety of everyone involved in the loading and unloading process, especially in high-traffic areas.
The Loading Process: Step-by-Step
Loading a forklift onto a trailer requires a systematic approach to ensure safety and prevent damage.
Pre-Loading Inspection
Before commencing the loading process, conduct a thorough inspection of the forklift, trailer, and all securing equipment. Check for any signs of wear and tear, damage, or malfunction. Pay close attention to the condition of straps, chains, load binders, ramps, and tires. Address any issues before proceeding.
Positioning the Forklift and Trailer
Position the trailer on a level surface with the ramps properly aligned. Ensure the forklift has adequate clearance to maneuver and access the ramps. Engage the forklift’s parking brake and chock the wheels for added security.
Loading the Forklift
Slowly and carefully drive the forklift up the ramps, maintaining a low gear and a steady speed. Have a spotter guide the forklift operator to ensure accurate alignment and prevent any mishaps. Once the forklift is fully on the trailer, position it centrally and evenly distribute the weight. Lower the forks completely to the ground.
Securing the Forklift for Transport
Properly securing the forklift is the most critical aspect of the entire process. Inadequate securement can lead to catastrophic consequences.
Choosing Securement Points
Identify the forklift’s designated tie-down points, typically located on the frame or chassis. Consult the forklift’s manual for recommended securement locations. Avoid using axles or other vulnerable components as tie-down points.
Using Straps or Chains
Secure the forklift using a minimum of four straps or chains, one at each corner, attached to the identified tie-down points. Crisscross the straps or chains to prevent forward, backward, and lateral movement. Tighten the straps or chains using load binders, ensuring they are taut but not over-tightened, which could damage the forklift or trailer.
Final Checks and Adjustments
After securing the forklift, conduct a final check of all straps or chains, ensuring they are properly tightened and positioned. Drive a short distance and re-check the securement, as straps or chains can sometimes loosen during initial movement. Make any necessary adjustments.
Legal Considerations and Best Practices
Complying with all applicable regulations is crucial for a legal and safe transport.
DOT Regulations and Weight Limits
Adhere to all Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations regarding load securement, weight limits, and driver qualifications. These regulations vary by state and jurisdiction, so it’s essential to research and understand the specific requirements for your route.
Permits and Oversize Loads
If the forklift’s dimensions exceed legal limits, obtain the necessary permits for oversize loads. Permits typically require specific routes and travel times to minimize disruption to traffic flow.
Regular Inspections During Transit
During long-distance transport, conduct regular inspections of the securement to ensure straps or chains remain tight and in good condition. Stop every few hours to check for any signs of loosening or damage.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What happens if I exceed the trailer’s weight capacity?
Exceeding the trailer’s GVWR is extremely dangerous and illegal. It can lead to trailer damage, tire blowouts, brake failure, and loss of control, potentially causing serious accidents. You could face hefty fines, legal penalties, and have your vehicle impounded.
2. Can I use ratchet straps instead of chains?
Yes, ratchet straps are a viable option for securing a forklift, provided they have a sufficient WLL that exceeds the forklift’s weight and are in good condition. However, chains are generally more durable and resistant to abrasion, making them a preferred choice for heavier loads or longer distances.
3. How often should I inspect the load during transit?
It is recommended to inspect the load every 50 miles or every two hours, whichever comes first, and whenever you stop for fuel or rest. This allows you to identify and address any potential issues before they escalate.
4. What type of trailer is best for transporting a tall forklift?
A lowboy trailer is often the best choice for transporting a tall forklift. Its lower deck height minimizes the risk of exceeding height restrictions. Consider a step-deck trailer if a lowboy is not available.
5. Is it okay to transport a forklift with its forks raised?
Never transport a forklift with its forks raised. The forks should always be fully lowered to the ground or resting on a suitable support to prevent them from shifting or causing damage.
6. What if my forklift is too wide to fit on the trailer?
If the forklift’s width exceeds legal limits, you will need to obtain an oversize load permit and follow the specific requirements outlined in the permit. These requirements may include using escort vehicles and traveling during specific hours.
7. Do I need special training to transport a forklift on a trailer?
While not always legally mandated, specialized training in load securement and transportation is highly recommended. It equips you with the knowledge and skills necessary to safely and effectively transport heavy equipment.
8. How do I handle a forklift with a mast that can tilt?
When securing a forklift with a tilt mast, ensure the mast is in the upright, locked position and properly secured to prevent any movement during transit.
9. What are the best practices for driving with a forklift on a trailer?
Drive defensively, maintain a safe following distance, and avoid sudden braking or sharp turns. Remember that the added weight will affect the vehicle’s handling and braking capabilities. Reduce your speed, especially on curves and hills.
10. What should I do if a strap or chain breaks during transit?
If a strap or chain breaks, pull over to a safe location immediately. Assess the situation and replace the broken strap or chain with a new one of equal or greater WLL. Re-secure the entire load before resuming transit.
11. Are there any specific rules for transporting a forklift across state lines?
Transporting a forklift across state lines requires adherence to federal DOT regulations as well as the specific regulations of each state you will be traveling through. Ensure you are familiar with all applicable rules and obtain any necessary permits.
12. Where can I find more information about load securement regulations?
You can find comprehensive information about load securement regulations on the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) website and the websites of individual state DOT agencies. These resources provide detailed guidelines, requirements, and best practices for safely securing cargo.