Installing a trailer brake controller in your 2019 Ram 1500 enhances towing safety by allowing you to independently control the trailer’s brakes, leading to smoother stops and greater stability. While the process can seem daunting, it’s manageable with the right tools, information, and a systematic approach.
Understanding Trailer Brake Controllers and Your Ram 1500
Towing a trailer, especially a larger one, requires adequate braking power. Your 2019 Ram 1500, while powerful, relies primarily on its own braking system. Trailer brake controllers act as an intermediary, using signals from your truck’s brake pedal to activate the trailer’s electric brakes proportionally to the braking force you’re applying. This synchronized braking dramatically reduces stopping distances and prevents the trailer from “pushing” the truck, improving overall towing safety and control.
The 2019 Ram 1500 often comes pre-wired for a trailer brake controller, but the controller itself usually needs to be purchased and installed separately. This guide will walk you through the process, ensuring a safe and effective installation.
Preparing for the Installation
Before you begin, gather all the necessary tools and materials. This will streamline the process and prevent frustrating interruptions.
Required Tools and Materials:
- Trailer Brake Controller: Choose a controller compatible with your trailer’s electric brake system. Proportional controllers are generally recommended for smoother braking.
- Wiring Harness Adapter (if needed): Many controllers require a specific wiring harness adapter that plugs into the Ram 1500’s factory wiring. Check your controller’s documentation.
- Screwdrivers: Both Phillips head and flathead screwdrivers may be needed.
- Wire Strippers/Crimpers: Essential for making secure and reliable wire connections.
- Electrical Tape or Heat Shrink Tubing: For insulating wire connections.
- Multimeter (Optional but Recommended): For testing wiring continuity and voltage.
- Socket Set: For removing trim panels if necessary.
- Zip Ties: For securing wiring and preventing chafing.
- Gloves and Safety Glasses: For personal protection.
- Owner’s Manual (Both Ram 1500 and Brake Controller): Crucial for understanding wiring diagrams and safety precautions.
Locating the Wiring Harness
The factory trailer brake controller wiring harness is typically located under the dashboard, near the driver’s side. You might need to remove a lower dash panel to gain access. Refer to your Ram 1500’s owner’s manual for specific location details. The harness will consist of four wires:
- Ground: Typically black or white.
- Battery Power: Usually red or orange.
- Brake Signal: Usually blue.
- Tail Lamp Signal: Usually brown (this may not be needed for all controllers).
Always disconnect the negative terminal of your battery before working on electrical components. This prevents accidental short circuits and potential damage to your vehicle’s electrical system.
Step-by-Step Installation Guide
Follow these steps carefully to ensure a proper and safe installation:
- Disconnect the Battery: As mentioned above, this is a crucial safety precaution.
- Locate the Wiring Harness: Refer to your Ram 1500’s owner’s manual and the instructions above to find the trailer brake controller wiring harness.
- Connect the Wiring Harness Adapter (if applicable): If your controller requires an adapter, plug it into the factory harness. Make sure the connection is secure.
- Connect the Controller Wiring: If you’re not using an adapter, you’ll need to connect the wires individually. Match the wires from the controller to the corresponding wires in the Ram 1500’s harness. Use wire strippers to expose the wire ends, and then crimp them together using butt connectors or solder them for a more robust connection. Always insulate the connections with electrical tape or heat shrink tubing.
- Mount the Brake Controller: Choose a location for the controller that is easily accessible to the driver and does not obstruct the steering wheel or other controls. Securely mount the controller using screws or adhesive pads.
- Route and Secure Wiring: Carefully route the wiring from the controller to the wiring harness, avoiding any sharp edges or moving parts. Use zip ties to secure the wiring and prevent chafing.
- Reconnect the Battery: Once all wiring is complete and secure, reconnect the negative terminal of your battery.
- Test the Brake Controller: Consult your brake controller’s manual for specific testing procedures. Typically, this involves driving the vehicle at a low speed and manually activating the trailer brakes to ensure they are functioning correctly. You can often adjust the sensitivity and gain settings on the controller to fine-tune the braking performance.
Important: It’s essential to test the trailer brake controller with a trailer connected to verify proper operation under load.
Fine-Tuning and Calibration
Once the brake controller is installed and functioning, you’ll need to fine-tune its settings to match your trailer and driving conditions. This typically involves adjusting the gain setting, which controls the amount of braking force applied to the trailer. Start with a low gain setting and gradually increase it until the trailer brakes activate smoothly and proportionally to the truck’s brakes. Avoid setting the gain too high, as this can cause the trailer wheels to lock up.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What type of trailer brake controller is best for my 2019 Ram 1500?
Generally, proportional brake controllers are recommended for their smoother and more responsive braking. They use an internal sensor to measure the truck’s deceleration rate and apply the trailer brakes proportionally. Time-delayed controllers are less sophisticated and apply the brakes after a set delay, which can result in jerky braking.
2. Do I need a special wiring harness adapter for my 2019 Ram 1500?
Possibly. Some brake controllers come with universal wiring kits, while others require a specific adapter designed for your Ram 1500. Check your brake controller’s documentation to determine if an adapter is needed. Using the correct adapter simplifies the installation process and ensures proper wiring connections.
3. Where can I find the trailer brake controller wiring diagram for my 2019 Ram 1500?
The wiring diagram is typically located in your Ram 1500’s owner’s manual. You can also find it online by searching for “2019 Ram 1500 trailer brake controller wiring diagram.” Make sure the diagram matches your specific trim level and configuration.
4. Can I install a trailer brake controller myself, or should I hire a professional?
Installing a trailer brake controller is a task that many experienced DIYers can handle. However, if you are not comfortable working with electrical systems or wiring, it is best to hire a qualified mechanic or auto electrician. Improper wiring can damage your vehicle’s electrical system or result in unsafe braking performance.
5. What happens if I connect the wires incorrectly?
Incorrect wiring can lead to various problems, including blown fuses, malfunctioning brake lights, and even damage to the brake controller or your truck’s electrical system. Always double-check your wiring connections against the wiring diagram before reconnecting the battery.
6. How do I adjust the gain setting on my trailer brake controller?
The gain setting is typically adjusted using a knob or buttons on the brake controller. Start with a low setting and gradually increase it until the trailer brakes activate smoothly and proportionally to the truck’s brakes. Refer to your brake controller’s manual for specific adjustment instructions.
7. What are the symptoms of an improperly adjusted trailer brake controller?
Symptoms of an improperly adjusted brake controller include jerky braking, trailer wheel lockup, and excessive wear on the trailer brakes. If you experience any of these issues, adjust the gain setting accordingly.
8. How often should I inspect my trailer brake controller and wiring?
It’s recommended to inspect your trailer brake controller and wiring regularly, especially before long trips. Check for loose connections, frayed wires, and any signs of damage.
9. What is the difference between electric brakes and surge brakes?
Electric brakes are activated by an electrical signal from the brake controller in your truck. Surge brakes are mechanically activated by the inertia of the trailer pushing against the tow hitch. Most newer trailers utilize electric brakes. Your 2019 Ram 1500 requires electric brake controllers for trailers with electric brakes.
10. Can I use the factory integrated trailer brake controller (if equipped) with aftermarket trailers?
Yes, the factory integrated trailer brake controller is designed to work with a wide range of trailers that have electric brakes. Ensure the trailer is properly wired and compatible with the controller’s settings.
11. My trailer brakes are not working after installing the controller. What should I do?
First, check all wiring connections and fuses. Use a multimeter to verify that the brake controller is receiving power and sending a signal to the trailer brakes. If the wiring and fuses are okay, the problem may be with the trailer brakes themselves. Consult a trailer repair specialist for further assistance.
12. Is it necessary to have my trailer brakes inspected regularly?
Yes, regular trailer brake inspections are essential for safety. A qualified mechanic should inspect the brake linings, drums, and other components to ensure they are in good working condition. Neglecting trailer brake maintenance can compromise your safety and the safety of others on the road.
Conclusion
Installing a trailer brake controller in your 2019 Ram 1500 is a worthwhile investment in safety and control when towing. By following this guide and taking your time, you can complete the installation yourself. However, remember to prioritize safety and consult a professional if you’re unsure about any aspect of the process. With a properly installed and calibrated trailer brake controller, you can enjoy a safer and more confident towing experience.