Hooking up and unhooking a fifth wheel trailer might seem daunting at first, but with practice and a systematic approach, it becomes a straightforward process. This guide, designed for both beginners and experienced RVers, provides a comprehensive breakdown of the steps involved, ensuring a safe and secure connection every time.
Understanding the Fifth Wheel Hitch
The fifth wheel hitch is a unique coupling system located in the bed of a pickup truck that connects to a pin box on the front of the fifth wheel trailer. Unlike bumper-pull hitches, the fifth wheel design places the trailer’s weight directly over the truck’s rear axle, offering superior stability and towing control. Familiarizing yourself with the components – the kingpin, the jaws, the hitch head, and the locking mechanism – is crucial for a smooth and safe operation.
Hooking Up Your Fifth Wheel: A Step-by-Step Guide
Successfully hooking up your fifth wheel trailer requires precision and careful attention to detail. Follow these steps for a safe and secure connection:
1. Pre-Connection Inspection
Before even thinking about backing up, perform a thorough inspection of both the hitch and the pin box.
- Inspect the hitch: Ensure the hitch jaws are open and properly lubricated. Check for any signs of wear or damage to the locking mechanism.
- Inspect the pin box: Examine the kingpin for bends or cracks. Make sure the pin box is securely attached to the trailer and that all bolts are tightened to the manufacturer’s specifications.
- Clear the area: Ensure there are no obstructions around the truck or trailer. This includes pets, children, and any loose objects.
2. Positioning the Truck
Accurate positioning is key. The goal is to align the hitch directly beneath the kingpin.
- Slow and steady: Back your truck slowly and carefully towards the trailer. Use a spotter if possible to guide you.
- Visual cues: Use visual cues, such as paint lines or strategically placed objects, to help you align the truck.
- Small adjustments: If you’re off, pull forward and make small adjustments until you’re perfectly aligned.
3. Lowering the Trailer
Lower the trailer using the front landing gear until the kingpin is slightly below the hitch plate. This allows the hitch jaws to close securely.
- Controlled descent: Lower the trailer slowly and steadily to prevent damage.
- Visual confirmation: Visually confirm that the kingpin is positioned directly above the hitch.
4. Engaging the Hitch
Slowly back the truck until the kingpin engages the hitch jaws. You should hear a distinct “click” or “clunk” as the jaws close and lock around the kingpin.
- Feel the connection: You should feel the trailer settle onto the hitch.
- Visual verification: Visually inspect the hitch to ensure the jaws are fully closed and locked around the kingpin.
5. Securing the Locking Mechanism
Once the jaws are engaged, secure the locking mechanism. This typically involves inserting a locking pin or handle.
- Double-check: Always double-check that the locking mechanism is properly secured.
- Safety chains: Connect the safety chains from the trailer to the truck. Crisscross them under the hitch to prevent the trailer tongue from hitting the ground in case of a separation.
6. Raising the Landing Gear
Raise the front landing gear completely. Ensure they are securely stowed and locked in place.
- Full retraction: Completely retract the landing gear to avoid dragging them on the road.
- Secure locking: Make sure the landing gear is securely locked to prevent accidental deployment.
7. Connecting Electrical and Breakaway Cables
Connect the electrical cord and the breakaway cable from the trailer to the truck.
- Electrical connection: Ensure the electrical connection is secure to provide power for lights, brakes, and other trailer systems.
- Breakaway cable: The breakaway cable is a crucial safety feature that will activate the trailer brakes if the trailer separates from the truck. Make sure it is properly connected to the truck’s frame.
8. Final Inspection
Perform a final inspection to ensure everything is properly connected and secured.
- Lights and brakes: Check all trailer lights and brakes to ensure they are functioning correctly.
- Tire pressure: Check the tire pressure on both the truck and the trailer.
- Clearance: Verify that you have adequate clearance for your route.
Unhooking Your Fifth Wheel: A Reverse Process
Unhooking your fifth wheel trailer is essentially the reverse of the hooking-up process.
1. Level the Trailer
Park on a level surface and level the trailer using leveling blocks and the front landing gear.
2. Lowering the Landing Gear
Lower the front landing gear until they make solid contact with the ground.
3. Disconnecting Electrical and Breakaway Cables
Disconnect the electrical cord and the breakaway cable from the trailer to the truck.
4. Preparing to Release the Hitch
Engage the trailer brakes. This will prevent the trailer from rolling away when you release the hitch.
5. Releasing the Locking Mechanism
Release the locking mechanism on the hitch. This will open the jaws and allow the kingpin to disengage.
6. Raising the Trailer
Raise the trailer using the front landing gear until the kingpin clears the hitch.
7. Driving Away
Slowly and carefully drive the truck forward and away from the trailer.
8. Final Check
Perform a final check to ensure the trailer is stable and secure before leaving it unattended.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Here are some frequently asked questions regarding hooking up and unhooking fifth wheel trailers:
1. What is the correct kingpin height for my fifth wheel?
The correct kingpin height is crucial for proper weight distribution and towing stability. The ideal position is when the trailer is level, and the hitch plate is approximately 1-2 inches below the bottom of the kingpin box. Consult your trailer and hitch manufacturer’s specifications for precise measurements. Incorrect height can lead to handling problems and potential damage to the truck and trailer.
2. How often should I lubricate my fifth wheel hitch?
Regular lubrication is essential for smooth operation and to prevent wear and tear. Lubricate the hitch jaws, the hitch plate, and the locking mechanism before each trip and after exposure to rain or dusty conditions. Use a high-quality grease specifically designed for fifth wheel hitches.
3. What is the purpose of the breakaway cable?
The breakaway cable is a crucial safety device designed to automatically activate the trailer brakes if the trailer becomes detached from the tow vehicle. It’s imperative to properly connect the cable to a designated attachment point on the truck’s frame, not the hitch itself.
4. How do I determine the correct tongue weight for my fifth wheel?
While “tongue weight” technically refers to bumper-pull trailers, the equivalent for a fifth wheel is pin weight. Pin weight is the weight of the trailer that rests on the fifth wheel hitch. This should be between 15-25% of the trailer’s gross trailer weight (GTW). Having the correct pin weight is essential for stable towing. Consult your trailer’s specifications for the exact GTW and recommended pin weight range.
5. What are safety chains, and how should I connect them?
Safety chains are secondary security measures. They should be connected in a crisscross pattern from the trailer to the truck’s frame. This prevents the trailer tongue from digging into the pavement if the hitch fails. Ensure the chains are of sufficient strength and length to allow for turning without binding.
6. What should I do if the hitch jaws won’t close?
If the hitch jaws won’t close, it’s usually due to misalignment or obstruction. Ensure the kingpin is directly aligned with the hitch and that there are no debris or obstructions preventing the jaws from closing. Never force the jaws closed, as this can damage the hitch.
7. What if I can’t get the kingpin to release from the hitch?
This can be caused by binding or pressure between the kingpin and the hitch. Try rocking the trailer slightly by moving it forward or backward a few inches. This can help release the pressure and allow the kingpin to disengage. Also, ensure the locking mechanism is fully disengaged.
8. What type of hitch is best for my truck and trailer?
The best type of hitch depends on the weight and size of your trailer, as well as the towing capacity of your truck. Consult with a professional hitch installer or your RV dealer to determine the appropriate hitch for your specific needs. Investing in a high-quality hitch is crucial for safety and performance.
9. Should I use a weight distribution system with my fifth wheel?
Generally, a weight distribution system is not needed with a fifth wheel trailer as its design inherently distributes the weight to the truck’s axles. However, if your truck is significantly smaller than your trailer or you experience excessive rear sag, consider consulting a professional to determine if supplemental air bags or suspension enhancements would be beneficial.
10. How can I prevent damage to my truck bed when hooking up?
Using a hitch guide or ball alignment system can help prevent accidental damage to your truck bed. These systems provide visual cues to help you accurately align the truck with the trailer. Also, consider using a bed protector or spray-in bed liner to protect the truck bed from scratches and dents.
11. What maintenance should I perform on my fifth wheel hitch?
Regular maintenance is essential for keeping your fifth wheel hitch in good working condition. This includes lubricating the hitch, inspecting for wear and tear, and tightening any loose bolts. Consult your hitch manufacturer’s recommendations for specific maintenance procedures.
12. What are the legal requirements for towing a fifth wheel trailer?
Legal requirements vary depending on your location. Generally, you will need to have a valid driver’s license, and your truck and trailer will need to meet certain weight and size restrictions. Some states may also require a special endorsement on your driver’s license to tow a fifth wheel trailer. Check with your local DMV for specific requirements. Always be sure your Gross Combined Weight Rating (GCWR) is not exceeded.
By following these steps and taking the time to understand the components involved, you can confidently and safely hook up and unhook your fifth wheel trailer, enjoying countless adventures on the open road.