Adding sides to your utility trailer dramatically increases its versatility, allowing you to haul materials like mulch, gravel, brush, and even livestock with greater ease and security. This transformation, while requiring some planning and effort, is a manageable DIY project that will significantly enhance your trailer’s functionality and potentially save you money in the long run.
Planning and Preparation: Laying the Groundwork
Before you even pick up a tool, careful planning is crucial. Building sides onto a utility trailer is more than just slapping some boards on – it requires considering weight distribution, material choices, legal requirements, and safety protocols. Failing to plan properly can lead to a structurally unsound trailer or even legal complications.
Assessing Your Trailer’s Capacity and Frame
The first step is to determine the maximum weight capacity of your trailer. This information is usually found on a sticker or plate affixed to the trailer frame. Exceeding this limit can be dangerous and illegal. The sides will add to the overall weight, and you need to account for this.
Next, thoroughly inspect your trailer’s frame for any signs of rust, cracks, or weak spots. Address these issues before proceeding. Reinforcing the frame might be necessary if it’s showing wear or if you plan to frequently haul heavy loads. Consider having a professional welder inspect the frame if you are uncertain about its integrity.
Finally, take precise measurements of your trailer bed. This will dictate the dimensions of the sides you’ll be building. Draw a detailed sketch or blueprint, noting all measurements and the placement of existing tie-down points. These might need to be relocated or incorporated into your side design.
Choosing the Right Materials
The material you choose for your trailer sides will impact their durability, weight, and cost. Popular choices include:
- Treated Lumber: A cost-effective option that’s resistant to rot and insect damage. Select high-quality lumber and ensure it’s properly treated for outdoor use.
- Steel: Offers superior strength and durability but is heavier and requires welding equipment. Steel sides are ideal for heavy-duty applications.
- Aluminum: Lightweight and resistant to rust, aluminum is a good compromise between strength and weight. However, it’s generally more expensive than lumber.
- Plywood: Can be used, but exterior grade plywood is a must. It’s less durable than other options and prone to water damage if not properly sealed and maintained.
Consider your budget, desired durability, and the types of loads you’ll be hauling when making your material choice. Also, factor in the weight of the chosen material, as it will contribute to the overall weight of the trailer.
Determining Side Height and Design
The ideal height of your trailer sides depends on the types of loads you intend to carry. Lower sides (12-18 inches) are suitable for landscaping materials and general hauling, while higher sides (24-36 inches or more) offer better security for livestock or loose items.
Consider whether you want solid sides or stake sides. Solid sides provide more containment but can obstruct visibility. Stake sides are more versatile, allowing you to easily remove stakes and customize the side configuration. Another option is to use a combination, with solid bottoms and stake pockets on top.
Don’t forget to plan for a tailgate. A hinged tailgate makes loading and unloading much easier. Choose hinges that are rated for heavy use and consider adding a latching mechanism for security.
Checking Local Regulations
Before you begin construction, check your local regulations regarding trailer side height and construction. Some jurisdictions have specific requirements for trailer modifications, and failing to comply can result in fines or legal issues. Contact your local Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) or transportation authority to obtain the necessary information.
Construction: Bringing Your Vision to Life
With your plan in place and materials in hand, you’re ready to start building. Remember to prioritize safety and use appropriate personal protective equipment, including safety glasses, gloves, and hearing protection.
Building the Frame
The frame is the foundation of your trailer sides. Whether you’re using wood or steel, it needs to be strong and securely attached to the trailer bed.
- Wood Frame: Cut the lumber to the desired lengths and assemble the frame using screws or bolts. Use corner braces to reinforce the joints. Attach the frame to the trailer bed using lag bolts or self-tapping screws.
- Steel Frame: Cut the steel tubing or angle iron to size and weld the pieces together to form the frame. Ensure the welds are strong and clean. Attach the frame to the trailer bed by welding it directly or bolting it using pre-drilled holes.
Regardless of the material, ensure the frame is perfectly square and level. This will ensure the sides are structurally sound and aesthetically pleasing.
Attaching the Side Panels
Once the frame is built, you can attach the side panels.
- Wood Panels: Use screws or nails to attach the panels to the frame. Ensure the fasteners are properly spaced to prevent warping or buckling. Consider using construction adhesive in addition to fasteners for extra strength.
- Steel or Aluminum Panels: Weld the panels to the steel frame or use rivets to attach them to the aluminum frame. Ensure the panels are securely fastened and that there are no sharp edges.
Pay attention to detail when attaching the panels. Gaps and uneven surfaces can compromise the structural integrity and appearance of the sides.
Finishing Touches
After attaching the side panels, add any finishing touches to complete the project.
- Sand and Paint: If you used wood, sand the surfaces smooth and apply a coat of primer and paint. This will protect the wood from the elements and give the trailer a professional look.
- Edge Protection: Install edge protectors along the top edges of the sides to prevent damage and protect cargo.
- Reflectors and Lights: Add reflectors and lights to the sides to improve visibility, especially at night.
FAQs: Addressing Common Questions
Q1: Can I build sides onto any utility trailer?
While technically possible, not every trailer is suitable for adding sides. Consider the trailer’s original weight capacity, the condition of its frame, and local regulations. Older or severely corroded trailers might require extensive repairs or reinforcement before adding sides. Consult a professional if you have doubts about your trailer’s suitability.
Q2: What tools do I need to build trailer sides?
The tools will vary depending on the materials you choose, but generally, you’ll need: measuring tape, pencil, saw (circular saw, reciprocating saw, or metal-cutting saw), drill/driver, sockets and wrenches, welder (for steel), safety glasses, gloves, and ear protection. A level and a square are also essential for ensuring accurate construction.
Q3: How do I attach the sides to the trailer frame securely?
For wood frames, use lag bolts or self-tapping screws to attach the frame to the trailer bed. For steel frames, welding is the most secure option. Regardless of the method, ensure the attachment points are properly reinforced and that the fasteners are appropriately sized for the load they will bear.
Q4: What’s the best way to weatherproof wooden trailer sides?
Use pressure-treated lumber for the frame and exterior-grade plywood (if using) for the panels. Seal all edges and joints with caulk or sealant. Apply multiple coats of exterior-grade paint or stain to protect the wood from moisture, UV rays, and rot. Regular maintenance and reapplication of sealant will extend the life of the wood.
Q5: How high should the trailer sides be?
The ideal height depends on your needs. 12-18 inches is sufficient for general hauling, while 24-36 inches or higher is recommended for livestock or loose materials. Consider local regulations and the stability of the load when determining the height.
Q6: Can I build a removable tailgate?
Yes! A removable tailgate is a convenient feature. Use heavy-duty hinges and a secure latching mechanism. Consider using a drop-pin style latch or a spring-loaded latch for easy operation. Make sure the tailgate is strong enough to support the weight of the loads you’ll be hauling.
Q7: How do I prevent the sides from rattling or vibrating while driving?
Use rubber or felt washers between the frame and the side panels to dampen vibrations. Ensure all fasteners are tightened securely. Consider adding cross braces or supports to the sides to increase their rigidity.
Q8: What are the legal requirements for trailer sides?
Legal requirements vary by jurisdiction. Generally, trailers must have proper lighting (tail lights, brake lights, turn signals), reflectors, and a visible license plate. Some areas have restrictions on side height and material. Always consult your local DMV or transportation authority for specific regulations.
Q9: How do I calculate the weight capacity of the new trailer sides?
The weight capacity of the sides isn’t usually a primary concern. The trailer’s maximum weight capacity is what matters. Adding sides will increase the overall weight of the trailer, leaving less room for cargo. Ensure you stay within the trailer’s original GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating).
Q10: Is it better to use screws or nails to attach the wood panels?
Screws are generally preferable to nails for attaching wood panels. Screws provide a stronger and more secure hold, reducing the risk of panels coming loose over time. Use exterior-grade screws that are designed for outdoor use.
Q11: How do I reinforce the trailer frame if it’s weak?
Welding additional steel supports to the frame is the most effective way to reinforce it. This should be done by a qualified welder. You can also add cross members or gussets to strengthen specific areas of the frame. Consider consulting with a professional trailer repair shop for advice.
Q12: How do I add stake pockets to a steel frame?
Stake pockets can be welded onto the steel frame. Choose stake pockets that are appropriately sized for the stakes you intend to use. Ensure the stake pockets are securely welded to the frame and that they are evenly spaced. This will allow you to easily add and remove stakes as needed.