Building Your Own Enclosed Trailer: A Comprehensive Guide to Plans and Construction

Building an enclosed trailer from scratch might seem daunting, but with meticulous planning and execution, it’s an achievable project that can save you considerable money and allow for complete customization. Understanding the various enclosed trailer plans, selecting the right materials, and adhering to safety regulations are crucial for a successful build. This guide provides a detailed roadmap, empowering you to construct a durable and functional enclosed trailer tailored to your specific needs.

Table of Contents

Laying the Foundation: Understanding Enclosed Trailer Plans

Choosing the right set of plans is the most crucial first step. These plans are essentially your blueprint for success, outlining everything from dimensions and materials to assembly instructions and electrical wiring. Without a solid plan, you’re essentially building blindly, increasing the risk of costly errors and structural weaknesses.

Types of Enclosed Trailer Plans

DIY Plans: These are typically created by experienced builders and offered for sale online. They range in complexity and price, so it’s essential to thoroughly review the specifications and skill level required before purchasing. Look for plans that include detailed drawings, material lists, and step-by-step instructions.
Modified Plans: If you have an existing trailer frame, you can often find plans that provide instructions for building an enclosure around it. This can significantly reduce the cost and time involved, as you won’t need to fabricate the chassis. Make sure the enclosure plans are compatible with the frame’s dimensions and load capacity.
Custom-Designed Plans: For truly unique needs, consider hiring a professional engineer or architect to create custom plans. This offers the highest level of customization but comes at a significantly higher cost. It’s most beneficial for trailers with unusual dimensions, specialized features, or specific load requirements.

Key Considerations When Selecting Plans

Size and Dimensions: Determine the interior space you require based on the items you plan to transport. Consider the overall length, width, and height restrictions based on your towing vehicle and local regulations.
Weight Capacity: Ensure the plans specify a weight capacity that exceeds your anticipated maximum load. Always overestimate rather than underestimate, as overloading can compromise the trailer’s structural integrity and create a serious safety hazard.
Materials: The plans should clearly specify the type and quantity of materials needed, including steel, wood, aluminum, and fasteners. Consider factors like durability, weather resistance, and cost when evaluating material options.
Skill Level: Choose plans that align with your existing skills and experience. If you’re a novice builder, opt for simpler plans with detailed instructions and fewer complex steps.
Compliance: Verify that the plans comply with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations regarding trailer construction and safety standards. This includes lighting, brakes, and registration requirements.

The Building Blocks: Materials and Tools

Once you have your plans, the next step is gathering the necessary materials and tools. Choosing quality materials is crucial for a durable and long-lasting trailer.

Essential Materials

Frame: Typically constructed from steel tubing or channel, the frame forms the backbone of the trailer. The gauge and type of steel will depend on the trailer’s intended load capacity.
Axles and Suspension: Select axles and suspension components that are rated for the trailer’s GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating). Consider factors like leaf springs, torsion axles, and electric brakes.
Floor: Plywood or treated lumber is commonly used for the floor. Choose a thickness that can withstand the weight and wear of the cargo.
Walls and Roof: Aluminum or steel sheeting are common choices for the walls and roof. Aluminum is lighter and more corrosion-resistant, while steel is stronger and more durable.
Doors and Windows: Select doors and windows that are appropriate for your needs. Consider factors like size, security, and weather sealing.
Fasteners: Use high-quality bolts, screws, and rivets to ensure a strong and secure connection between all components.
Wiring and Lighting: Purchase trailer wiring, lights, and connectors that comply with all applicable safety standards.

Necessary Tools

Welding Equipment: A MIG or stick welder is essential for fabricating the frame and connecting steel components.
Cutting Tools: Angle grinders, chop saws, and metal-cutting saws are needed for cutting steel and other materials.
Drilling Tools: A drill press or hand drill is required for drilling holes for fasteners and wiring.
Measuring Tools: Tape measures, levels, and squares are essential for accurate measurements and alignment.
Safety Equipment: Always wear appropriate safety gear, including welding helmets, gloves, eye protection, and ear protection.

From Blueprint to Reality: The Construction Process

With your plans, materials, and tools in hand, you can begin the construction process. This involves a series of steps, each requiring careful attention to detail.

Frame Construction

Cutting and Welding: Cut the steel tubing or channel according to the dimensions specified in your plans. Weld the pieces together to form the frame, ensuring all joints are strong and square.
Axle Mounting: Attach the axles and suspension components to the frame, following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Floor Installation

Cutting and Fitting: Cut the plywood or treated lumber to fit the frame. Secure the flooring to the frame using screws or bolts.
Sealing: Seal the edges of the flooring to prevent moisture from penetrating and causing rot.

Wall and Roof Assembly

Framing: Construct the walls and roof using wood or steel framing, following the dimensions and specifications in your plans.
Sheeting: Attach the aluminum or steel sheeting to the framing, using rivets or screws. Overlap the sheeting to create a weatherproof seal.

Door and Window Installation

Cutting Openings: Cut openings for the doors and windows, following the dimensions specified in your plans.
Installation: Install the doors and windows, ensuring they are properly aligned and sealed.

Electrical Wiring and Lighting

Running Wires: Run the trailer wiring through the frame and walls, following a safe and organized route.
Connecting Lights: Connect the lights and connectors, ensuring they comply with all applicable safety standards.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Here are some frequently asked questions to further clarify the process of building an enclosed trailer.

How much does it cost to build an enclosed trailer myself? The cost varies greatly depending on the size, materials, and complexity of the trailer. A basic 6×12 enclosed trailer might cost between $3,000 and $6,000 to build yourself, while a larger, more complex trailer could cost significantly more. Labor costs are eliminated, but careful material sourcing is key.
Is it cheaper to build or buy an enclosed trailer? Generally, building an enclosed trailer yourself is cheaper than buying a new one, especially if you already have some of the necessary tools and materials. However, it requires a significant investment of time and effort. Used trailers can offer a more economical alternative if you’re not looking for custom features.
What size enclosed trailer should I build? The ideal size depends on your specific needs and the items you plan to transport. Consider the dimensions of the largest items you’ll be hauling and factor in extra space for maneuvering and securing the load. Also, consider the towing capacity of your vehicle.
What type of axles should I use for my enclosed trailer? The type of axles depends on the trailer’s GVWR. Leaf spring axles are a common and affordable option, while torsion axles offer a smoother ride and require less maintenance.
What is the best material for the exterior of an enclosed trailer? Aluminum and steel are the most common choices. Aluminum is lighter and more corrosion-resistant, while steel is stronger and more durable. Consider the climate and the type of cargo you’ll be hauling when making your decision.
How do I properly seal an enclosed trailer to prevent leaks? Use high-quality sealant around all seams, windows, and doors. Overlap the exterior sheeting and use weatherproof fasteners. Regularly inspect and reseal any areas that show signs of wear or damage.
What are the legal requirements for building an enclosed trailer? The legal requirements vary by state, but generally include registering the trailer, obtaining a VIN (Vehicle Identification Number), and complying with lighting and brake requirements. Check with your local DMV or transportation agency for specific regulations.
Do I need brakes on my enclosed trailer? Most states require brakes on trailers that exceed a certain weight limit. This limit varies, but it’s typically around 3,000 pounds GVWR. Electric brakes are the most common type for enclosed trailers.
How do I properly wire an enclosed trailer? Use trailer wiring that complies with all applicable safety standards. Follow a wiring diagram and use connectors that are designed for trailer wiring. Ensure all connections are secure and weatherproof.
How do I secure cargo inside an enclosed trailer? Use tie-down straps, D-rings, or cargo bars to secure items inside the trailer. Distribute the weight evenly and avoid overloading any single area.
What are some common mistakes to avoid when building an enclosed trailer? Common mistakes include using inadequate materials, failing to follow plans accurately, neglecting safety precautions, and skipping necessary inspections.
Where can I find reliable enclosed trailer plans? Reputable online retailers specializing in trailer plans, forums dedicated to trailer building, and professional engineering firms offer a range of options. Always verify reviews and credentials before purchasing plans.

The Final Touches: Inspection and Registration

Once your enclosed trailer is complete, it’s essential to thoroughly inspect it for any defects or safety concerns. Check all welds, connections, and wiring. Ensure the brakes and lights are functioning properly. Once you’re satisfied that the trailer is safe and roadworthy, you can register it with your local DMV and obtain a VIN. Building an enclosed trailer requires dedication and attention to detail, but the reward is a customized, cost-effective solution tailored to your precise needs.