As of today, it’s estimated that fewer than 500 films have received an NC-17 rating from the Motion Picture Association (MPA) since its inception in 1990, a stark contrast to the tens of thousands of PG, PG-13, and R-rated films. This relatively small number reflects the significant commercial challenges that NC-17 films face, influencing filmmakers to often self-censor or edit their work to achieve a more commercially viable R rating.
Understanding the NC-17 Rating
The NC-17 (No One 17 and Under Admitted) rating is the highest rating issued by the MPA, indicating that the film contains explicit adult content. It replaced the X rating in 1990, which had become heavily associated with pornography, a reputation that severely limited the distribution and marketing options for any film carrying that designation. The intention behind the NC-17 rating was to provide a category for serious, artistic films with adult themes that were not necessarily pornographic, but which contained content deemed unsuitable for minors. However, the stigma associated with the old X rating unfortunately lingered, continuing to impact the commercial viability of NC-17 films.
The Commercial Realities of NC-17
The key challenge for NC-17 films lies in their limited accessibility. Many mainstream theaters refuse to screen them, and major retailers often decline to sell or rent them. This severely restricts their potential audience and revenue. The rating also imposes marketing restrictions, making it difficult to advertise NC-17 films in traditional media outlets. As a result, filmmakers often choose to edit their films to secure an R rating, even if it compromises their artistic vision. This preference for the R rating contributes to the relatively low number of NC-17 films in existence. Furthermore, the perception that NC-17 always equals hardcore pornography persists, deterring many viewers who might otherwise be interested in a serious drama or thriller with mature content.
Notable NC-17 Films and Their Impact
Despite the challenges, some notable films have embraced the NC-17 rating. “Henry & June” (1990) was the first film to receive the NC-17 rating. Other examples include “Showgirls” (1995), “American Psycho” (2000 – initially), and “Blue is the Warmest Color” (2013). While “Showgirls” was a commercial flop initially, it has since achieved cult status. “Blue is the Warmest Color” garnered critical acclaim, proving that an NC-17 film can be both artistically valuable and successful, although its financial success was arguably tempered by the rating. These films demonstrate the potential for the NC-17 rating to be used for serious cinematic explorations of adult themes, but also highlight the risks involved.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is the exact criteria for an NC-17 rating?
The MPA does not provide explicit, quantifiable criteria. The rating board assesses films on a case-by-case basis, considering the overall context, theme, and artistic merit. Explicit sexual content, graphic violence, and excessive use of strong language are the primary factors that can lead to an NC-17 rating. It’s a subjective judgment based on the board’s interpretation of community standards and parental concerns.
2. How does the NC-17 rating differ from the R rating?
While both ratings indicate that the film contains adult content, the NC-17 rating signifies a higher level of explicitness. R-rated films may contain strong language, violence, and some sexual content, but it is typically less graphic and less sustained than what is found in NC-17 films. The R rating allows individuals 17 and older to see the film unaccompanied, while those under 17 require an accompanying parent or adult guardian. The NC-17 rating strictly prohibits anyone under 17 from entering the theater.
3. Can a film be edited to change an NC-17 rating?
Yes, a film can be edited and resubmitted to the MPA for a different rating. This is a common practice, as filmmakers often prefer an R rating for wider distribution. Many films initially rated NC-17 have been successfully edited to achieve an R rating. This often involves removing or shortening scenes containing explicit sexual content or graphic violence.
4. Are there any legal restrictions on showing NC-17 movies?
The MPA rating system is voluntary, not legally binding. However, many theaters and retailers voluntarily adhere to the MPA ratings, refusing to screen or sell NC-17 films. Some states and municipalities may have local ordinances regulating the sale and display of sexually explicit materials, which could indirectly affect the distribution of NC-17 films.
5. Why did the MPA replace the X rating with NC-17?
The X rating became synonymous with pornography, regardless of the film’s artistic merit. This association severely limited the distribution and marketing options for any film carrying that designation. The MPA created the NC-17 rating to provide a category for serious, artistic films with adult themes, hoping to distance it from the negative connotations of the X rating.
6. How does the NC-17 rating affect a film’s marketing?
The NC-17 rating significantly impacts a film’s marketing. Many traditional media outlets refuse to advertise NC-17 films, limiting their reach. Studios often rely on niche marketing strategies, targeting specific audiences through online platforms and independent publications. The stigma associated with the NC-17 rating can also deter potential viewers, making it more challenging to generate buzz and positive word-of-mouth.
7. Has any film ever been re-rated from NC-17 to R without edits?
It’s highly unlikely, bordering on impossible. The very nature of the MPA rating process hinges on the content of the film. If a film initially receives an NC-17 rating, it’s because the MPA deemed the content too explicit for an R rating. A change without edits would imply a complete reversal of the MPA’s initial assessment, which is practically unheard of.
8. Does an NC-17 rating guarantee a film will be commercially unsuccessful?
No, it doesn’t guarantee failure, but it significantly increases the risk. While some NC-17 films have achieved cult status or critical acclaim, the limited distribution and marketing options make it much more challenging to recoup the investment. The commercial success of an NC-17 film depends on various factors, including the quality of the film, the target audience, and the effectiveness of the marketing campaign.
9. Are there different levels of NC-17, or is it a single, uniform rating?
The NC-17 rating is a single, uniform designation. However, the degree of explicit content can vary from film to film. One NC-17 film might contain brief, suggestive scenes, while another might feature more graphic and prolonged depictions of adult themes. The MPA does not categorize NC-17 films by severity of content.
10. How does the NC-17 rating impact streaming availability?
The impact on streaming availability varies depending on the platform. Some streaming services are more restrictive than others regarding NC-17 content. While some platforms may carry a selection of NC-17 films, they may implement age verification measures or parental controls to restrict access. Other platforms may choose not to offer NC-17 films at all.
11. Is the NC-17 rating used internationally?
The NC-17 rating is specific to the United States’ MPA rating system. Other countries have their own rating systems, which may have similar categories for films with adult content. However, the criteria and regulations for these ratings vary significantly from country to country. A film that receives an NC-17 rating in the United States might receive a different rating in another country, or vice versa.
12. Are documentaries ever rated NC-17?
Yes, documentaries can be rated NC-17, although it is rare. If a documentary contains explicit sexual content or graphic violence that exceeds the boundaries of an R rating, it could receive an NC-17 rating. However, documentaries are generally judged with a different lens, and the MPA considers the educational or informational value of the film when making its rating decision. The intent and context are carefully weighed.